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• W1978043574 endingPage "e1002208" @default.
• W1978043574 startingPage "e1002208" @default.
• W1978043574 abstract "A major goal of evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) is to understand how multicellular body plans of increasing complexity have evolved, and how the corresponding developmental programs are genetically encoded. It has been repeatedly argued that key to the evolution of increased body plan complexity is the modularity of the underlying developmental gene regulatory networks (GRNs). This modularity is considered essential for network robustness and evolvability. In our opinion, these ideas, appealing as they may sound, have not been sufficiently tested. Here we use computer simulations to study the evolution of GRNs' underlying body plan patterning. We select for body plan segmentation and differentiation, as these are considered to be major innovations in metazoan evolution. To allow modular networks to evolve, we independently select for segmentation and differentiation. We study both the occurrence and relation of robustness, evolvability and modularity of evolved networks. Interestingly, we observed two distinct evolutionary strategies to evolve a segmented, differentiated body plan. In the first strategy, first segments and then differentiation domains evolve (SF strategy). In the second scenario segments and domains evolve simultaneously (SS strategy). We demonstrate that under indirect selection for robustness the SF strategy becomes dominant. In addition, as a byproduct of this larger robustness, the SF strategy is also more evolvable. Finally, using a combined functional and architectural approach, we determine network modularity. We find that while SS networks generate segments and domains in an integrated manner, SF networks use largely independent modules to produce segments and domains. Surprisingly, we find that widely used, purely architectural methods for determining network modularity completely fail to establish this higher modularity of SF networks. Finally, we observe that, as a free side effect of evolving segmentation and differentiation in combination, we obtained in-silico developmental mechanisms resembling mechanisms used in vertebrate development." @default.
• W1978043574 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1978043574 creator A5057751646 @default.
• W1978043574 creator A5060013591 @default.
• W1978043574 date "2011-10-06" @default.
• W1978043574 modified "2023-10-13" @default.
• W1978043574 title "Evolution of Networks for Body Plan Patterning; Interplay of Modularity, Robustness and Evolvability" @default.
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• W1978043574 doi "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002208" @default.
• W1978043574 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3188509" @default.
• W1978043574 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21998573" @default.
• W1978043574 hasPublicationYear "2011" @default.
• W1978043574 type Work @default.

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