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- W1978232489 abstract "Cytokines are being increasingly recognized as important factors in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of heart failure. Elevated levels of circulating cytokines have been reported in patients with heart failure, and various cytokines have been shown to depress myocardial contractility in vitro and in vivo. Enhanced expression of cytokine genes was seen in animal models of heart failure induced by viral myocarditis, hypertension, and myocardial infarction, and these expressions persisted for a long time. Various drugs for therapy of heart failure have different effects on cytokine production. Amiodarone inhibited IL-6 and TNF-α production, and denopamine, a β1-adrenergic agonist, suppressed TNF-α production. Cardiac glycoside increased production of IL-1. These immunomodulating effects may explain the differential effects of the drugs in heart failure patients. As we learn more about the pathophysiological and pathogenetic role of cytokines in heart failure, it should be possible to design better and more targeted pharmacological agents." @default.
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- W1978232489 date "1998-09-01" @default.
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- W1978232489 title "Cytokines in heart failure Pathophysiological roles and therapeutic implications" @default.
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- W1978232489 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s1071-9164(98)90276-7" @default.
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