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- W197827041 abstract "Scientists first learned how to make artificial DNA in arbitrary, gene-length configurations in the 1970s. [Khorana 1979] In principle, this immediately provided a new way to do genetic engineering. At first, however, the technology was difficult, expensive, and limited to very short (~ 200 nucleotide (“nt.”)) molecules. For this reason it took almost twenty years for academic laboratories to improve the process to the point where synthetic DNA could begin to replace cloning in practical experiments. The turning point came in 1999 when several corporations began selling synthetic DNA commercially. Because the new firms served far more customers than any academic lab, they could afford to specialize and make large investments in R&D and equipment. This made artificial genes still more affordable, further boosted demand, and attracted additional investment. Today, this virtuous cycle is finally encountering diminishing returns. Even so, it will probably continue to run for another five years or so." @default.
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- W197827041 date "2009-01-01" @default.
- W197827041 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W197827041 title "Making Commercial Biology Safer: What the Gene Synthesis Industry Has Learned About Screening Customers and Orders" @default.
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