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• W1978282408 abstract "Reviews David Fausett. The Strange Surprizing Sources of Robinson Crusoe. Amsterdam and Atlanta: Rodopi, 1994. viii + 229pp. HF1.70; US$33.50. ISBN 90-5183-705-4. Neither strange nor surprizing to those familiar with Defoe criticism, the sources here identified by David Fausett are the same ones over which a pitched battle was fought, primarily between Lucius L. Hubbard and Arthur W. Secord, in the 1920s. Hubbard, taking a hint from several Dutch and German scholars, pointed out in 1921 that a book long thought to be an imitation of Robinson Crusoe, Hendrik Smeeks's 7Ae Mighty Kingdom ofKrinke Kesmes, was first published in 1708 in the Netherlands, rather than in 1721, the date of the much more popular German edition. Hubbard translated portions of Krinke Kesmes into English and argued that these passages showed that Defoe had used the book as a source for Robinson Crusoe. With perhaps more zeal than judgment, Hubbard further contended that Krinke Kesmes was Defoe's major source for both the idea and the details of the account of a marooned sailor, pushing aside accounts published in English of similar experiences by Selkirk, Knox, Dampier, and others; that Defoe was a plagiarist who contributed nothing new to the works he stole from; and that Smeeks, not Defoe, deserved credit for the tradition of the Robinsonade. The principal response was made by Secord, who showed in 1924 that the details cited by Hubbard as evidence of plagiarism—that the sailors in both cases shot a bird to eat, had dogs for companions, saw footprints in the sand—were common to other accounts of maroonings, and that there were significant differences: Smeeks's boy lives off the bird for a week, while Crusoe's bird is inedible; Smeeks's footprint is a sign of hope, while for Crusoe it signifies fear, and so forth. Secord also showed that the books differ conceptually, as well as in detail: Smeeks's marooned sailor is a boy (not named, but called the Elho ) who is left by accident on an island, finds a sea-chest left for him by his friends, is accepted into the native population, and marries one of their women. Secord also noted that Krinke Kesmes was little known outside Holland, and that it is doubtful that Defoe could read Dutch. In the book under review, Fausett revives Hubbard's claims EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FICTION, Volume 8, Number 4, July 1996 540 EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FICTION 8:4 for Smeeks and attacks Secord's scholarship, claiming that he and other Defoe critics were engaged in a conspiracy to ethnically cleanse [the Robinsonade] by establishing exclusively English sources for it (p. 197). The study of a book's sources as a guide to its interpretation is nearly a lost art, and Fausett's revival of the controversy could have been useful, had he made good on two promises: to reach a balanced assessment of the influence of Krinke Kesmes on the writing of Robinson Crusoe (p. 196), and to bring new evidence to bear on the question (p. 175). The only new evidence he brings, however, is very disappointing. On the problem of Defoe's lack of Dutch, for example, Fausett speculates that the Earl of Oxford might have translated Krinke Kesmes during his years of leisure in the Tower, and smuggled the papers to Defoe during a visit, who then edited them for publication, as Defoe claims in the preface to have done (p. 141). Or maybe, says Fausett, Defoe picked up some Dutch while spying for Harley in Holland, citing Paula Backscheider's Daniel Defoe: His Life (p. 145). His very activities as a spy in Holland suggest, moreover, that he might have covered his tracks by down-playing his knowledge of Dutch if copying a Dutch novel (p. 140). But the pages Fausett cites in Backscheider show that Defoe spied for Harley only in England, not in Holland (Backscheider, pp. 160-61; see also pp. 183-87). On virtually every point where hard evidence is needed, Fausett erodes our confidence by speculating or by straining his argument. As for balance, Fausett seems determined to raise Smeeks by dragging Defoe down; Defoe brought forth no..." @default.
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• W1978282408 date "1996-01-01" @default.
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• W1978282408 title "<i>The Strange Surprizing Sources of Robinson Crusoe.</i> (review)" @default.
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