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• W1978351609 abstract "You have accessJournal of UrologyUrodynamics/Incontinence/Female Urology: Basic Research I1 Apr 201239 EVOKED ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC ACTIVITY IN THE EXTERNAL ANAL SPHINCTER MUSCLE OF NON-HUMAN PRIMATES DIFFERS FROM CORRESPONDING PATTERNS IN HUMANS Una Lee, Hui Yi Chang, Kari Christe, and Leif Havton Una LeeUna Lee Seattle, WA More articles by this author , Hui Yi ChangHui Yi Chang Irvine, CA More articles by this author , Kari ChristeKari Christe Davis, CA More articles by this author , and Leif HavtonLeif Havton Irvine, CA More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.02.082AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Spinal motor neurons of Onuf's nucleus in humans, or its homolog in other mammals, innervate the skeletal muscle fibers of the external urethral and anal sphincters. Concentric needle electromyography (EMG) of the external anal sphincter (EAS) muscle is useful in our understanding of fecal continence and pelvic floor disorders. Rodent studies of the anal sphincter complex with EMG demonstrate quiescence at baseline. EMG of the external anal sphincter in humans demonstrates an active interference pattern at baseline, associated with fecal continence, decreased amplitude after deinnervation injury, and EMG silence during defecation. The non-human primate is used as a large mammalian model for translational research. However, functional studies of the EAS muscle have been sparse. We aimed to develop a method to assess electromyographic activity for the external anal sphincter muscle in non-human primates. METHODS EMG recordings of the EAS muscle were performed in 6 neurologically intact adult female rhesus macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta) A pair of EMG electrodes was inserted into the EAS bilaterally. EAS recordings were obtained using ketamine/dexmedetomidine (n=5) or propofol (n=1) anesthesia. Baseline EMG recordings were obtained, and EMG activity was induced by inserting a glass probe (10mm, 13 mm, 16 mm, or 20 mm in diameter) into the rectum for a period of 5 seconds. RESULTS Baseline EMG recordings of the EAS muscle in all subjects showed a pattern of quiescence with absence of any detectable tonic or continuous EMG activity. In response to the probe, the EAS muscle showed evoked EMG activity, which gradually declined in amplitude and frequency over the subsequent 1 to 3 minutes. Most of the decline in firing activity took place during the first 30 seconds. Repeated evoked responses were consistent and similar in pattern and duration. The evoked response depended in part on the probe size with individual subjects showing a stimulus-response relationship to probe size. Evoked EMG activations were followed by baseline electromyographic silence. CONCLUSIONS EAS EMG recordings in rhesus monkeys demonstrate a silent baseline. However, an evoked EAS EMG response can be obtained by gentle stretching of the EAS muscle using a small glass probe. This EMG pattern differs in fundamental ways compared to the corresponding human EMG activation patterns, and shares many features with corresponding recordings in the rodent. © 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 187Issue 4SApril 2012Page: e16-e17 Peer Review Report Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Una Lee Seattle, WA More articles by this author Hui Yi Chang Irvine, CA More articles by this author Kari Christe Davis, CA More articles by this author Leif Havton Irvine, CA More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ..." @default.
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• W1978351609 title "39 EVOKED ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC ACTIVITY IN THE EXTERNAL ANAL SPHINCTER MUSCLE OF NON-HUMAN PRIMATES DIFFERS FROM CORRESPONDING PATTERNS IN HUMANS" @default.
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