Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W1978540741> ?p ?o ?g. }
Showing items 1 to 86 of
86
with 100 items per page.
- W1978540741 endingPage "37" @default.
- W1978540741 startingPage "23" @default.
- W1978540741 abstract "Abstract A lot of natural Ca/Mg-bentonites are turned into Na-bentonites. By adding sodium carbonate to a Ca/Mg-bentonite in the presence of some water Na+ enters the interlayer and Ca/Mg-carbonates precipitate outside. Natural Na-bentonites and activated Na-bentonites are rather similar. Therefore, in the present study methods are tested to distinguish both. This is relevant not only for customs but also for research and development. For activation different amounts of sodium carbonate are added. The dosage ranges from a few % of the CEC to slightly above the CEC corresponding to 1–5 mass% Na2CO3. Also the water content may vary from the dried state at which the actual activation (cation exchange) does not take place up to the presence of excess water leading to a complete reaction. Altogether four cases had to be considered separately (Na2CO3 above CEC + excess water or dry and Na2CO3 much below the CEC + excess water or dry). If water was absent (cation exchange was not complete) the sodium carbonate phases could be detected by XRD, IR, or with STA–MS measurements. This result was expected but surprisingly, STA–MS–CO2 measurements were found to be applicable even in the most difficult case (sodium carbonate addition below CEC and excess of water = reaction complete). In the case of some samples activated with 2 mass% sodium carbonate only, a weak STA–MS–CO2-peak was observed at about 100 °C. Unprocessed materials are free of any carbonates which decompose around 100 °C. Therefore, this 100 °C peak indicates alkaline activation. This method was applied to five real products with unknown activation and two of which were found to be activated. The pH of the activated materials was only slightly higher than that of a natural Na-bentonite. The measured difference of 0.3 pH units is not considered to be sufficient to unambiguously conclude alkaline activation." @default.
- W1978540741 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W1978540741 creator A5026139896 @default.
- W1978540741 creator A5029261641 @default.
- W1978540741 creator A5068334708 @default.
- W1978540741 creator A5070670553 @default.
- W1978540741 creator A5075934274 @default.
- W1978540741 date "2013-12-01" @default.
- W1978540741 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W1978540741 title "Comparison of methods for distinguishing sodium carbonate activated from natural sodium bentonites" @default.
- W1978540741 cites W1965064671 @default.
- W1978540741 cites W1966656426 @default.
- W1978540741 cites W1976297259 @default.
- W1978540741 cites W1987111244 @default.
- W1978540741 cites W1994248311 @default.
- W1978540741 cites W1994490742 @default.
- W1978540741 cites W1997970069 @default.
- W1978540741 cites W2004212934 @default.
- W1978540741 cites W2061194359 @default.
- W1978540741 cites W2065603639 @default.
- W1978540741 cites W2065694889 @default.
- W1978540741 cites W2119410905 @default.
- W1978540741 cites W2171324971 @default.
- W1978540741 cites W229730721 @default.
- W1978540741 cites W2314553578 @default.
- W1978540741 cites W2317177235 @default.
- W1978540741 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2013.09.014" @default.
- W1978540741 hasPublicationYear "2013" @default.
- W1978540741 type Work @default.
- W1978540741 sameAs 1978540741 @default.
- W1978540741 citedByCount "20" @default.
- W1978540741 countsByYear W19785407412015 @default.
- W1978540741 countsByYear W19785407412016 @default.
- W1978540741 countsByYear W19785407412017 @default.
- W1978540741 countsByYear W19785407412018 @default.
- W1978540741 countsByYear W19785407412019 @default.
- W1978540741 countsByYear W19785407412020 @default.
- W1978540741 countsByYear W19785407412021 @default.
- W1978540741 countsByYear W19785407412022 @default.
- W1978540741 countsByYear W19785407412023 @default.
- W1978540741 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
- W1978540741 hasAuthorship W1978540741A5026139896 @default.
- W1978540741 hasAuthorship W1978540741A5029261641 @default.
- W1978540741 hasAuthorship W1978540741A5068334708 @default.
- W1978540741 hasAuthorship W1978540741A5070670553 @default.
- W1978540741 hasAuthorship W1978540741A5075934274 @default.
- W1978540741 hasConcept C127313418 @default.
- W1978540741 hasConcept C151730666 @default.
- W1978540741 hasConcept C17409809 @default.
- W1978540741 hasConcept C178790620 @default.
- W1978540741 hasConcept C185592680 @default.
- W1978540741 hasConcept C199289684 @default.
- W1978540741 hasConcept C2776608160 @default.
- W1978540741 hasConcept C2778657360 @default.
- W1978540741 hasConcept C2780659211 @default.
- W1978540741 hasConcept C537181965 @default.
- W1978540741 hasConceptScore W1978540741C127313418 @default.
- W1978540741 hasConceptScore W1978540741C151730666 @default.
- W1978540741 hasConceptScore W1978540741C17409809 @default.
- W1978540741 hasConceptScore W1978540741C178790620 @default.
- W1978540741 hasConceptScore W1978540741C185592680 @default.
- W1978540741 hasConceptScore W1978540741C199289684 @default.
- W1978540741 hasConceptScore W1978540741C2776608160 @default.
- W1978540741 hasConceptScore W1978540741C2778657360 @default.
- W1978540741 hasConceptScore W1978540741C2780659211 @default.
- W1978540741 hasConceptScore W1978540741C537181965 @default.
- W1978540741 hasLocation W19785407411 @default.
- W1978540741 hasOpenAccess W1978540741 @default.
- W1978540741 hasPrimaryLocation W19785407411 @default.
- W1978540741 hasRelatedWork W1758497512 @default.
- W1978540741 hasRelatedWork W1987691177 @default.
- W1978540741 hasRelatedWork W2036099453 @default.
- W1978540741 hasRelatedWork W2040829098 @default.
- W1978540741 hasRelatedWork W2349947565 @default.
- W1978540741 hasRelatedWork W2361911732 @default.
- W1978540741 hasRelatedWork W2380934447 @default.
- W1978540741 hasRelatedWork W2538103680 @default.
- W1978540741 hasRelatedWork W2748952813 @default.
- W1978540741 hasRelatedWork W4235203013 @default.
- W1978540741 hasVolume "86" @default.
- W1978540741 isParatext "false" @default.
- W1978540741 isRetracted "false" @default.
- W1978540741 magId "1978540741" @default.
- W1978540741 workType "article" @default.