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- W1978745039 abstract "Tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-alpha) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is produced by activated macrophages. It has been shown to stimulate the release of endothelial cytokines and NO, increase vascular permeability, decrease contractility, and induce a prothrombotic state. The most studied TNF-a gene mutation in heart disease is a gamma to alpha substitution, which occurs when 308 nucleotides move upstream from the transcription initiation site in the TNF promoter and has been associated with elevated levels of TNF-alpha. The TNF1 allele (wild type) contains gamma at this site, while the TNF2 allele has an alpha substitution at the site. The TNF2 allele is a more powerful transcriptional activator, therefore leading to higher TNF-alpha levels. Most of the studies to date have failed to conclusively show any link between the polymorphism and heart disease, both coronary artery disease and cardiomyopathy/heart failure." @default.
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- W1978745039 date "2004-11-01" @default.
- W1978745039 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W1978745039 title "Tumor Necrosis Factor α Polymorphism in Heart Failure/Cardiomyopathy" @default.
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- W1978745039 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-5299.2004.02020.x" @default.
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