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- W1978889756 abstract "Celebrating Ethnicity and Nation: American Festive Culture from the Revolution to the Early Twentieth Century. Edited by Jurgen Heideking, Genevieve Fabre, and Kai Dreisbach. (New York: Berghahn Books, 2001. Pp. vi, 308. Illustrations. Cloth, $69.95; paper, $25.00.) This volume of essays by European scholars takes its inspiration from the profusion of studies in culture that appeared during the 1990s. As coeditors Genevieve Fabre and Jurgen Heideking observe in the introduction, festivity has come to be seen by historians as a creative force (1), not merely a reflection of attitudes or social arrangements. The volume as a whole provides as complete a survey of the subject as we have (though interested readers should look out for Matthew Dennis's excellent forthcoming study, Red, White and Blue Letter Days). The essays covering the late nineteenth century, appropriately enough, owe more to the parallel development of historical memory studies, and it should be said at the outset that the volume will be of special use to those whose teaching or research interests extend to ethnic groups and class in the industrializing age. Five of the thirteen essays (and part of the introduction) concentrate on the period before 1850. These five contributors follow the recent literature in arguing that festive culture formed an integral part of the process (7) between the Revolution and the Civil War. They also perceive the tensions between partisanship and group identities, on the one hand, and the desire for national unity, on the other, that gave the terrain its special importance. Essays by Heideking and by Dietmar Schloss demonstrate this point, as others have done, through the federal processions of 1788-though both manage to make some original contributions. Heideking stresses that the celebrations of constitutional ratification must not be separated from the contested politics of ratification: they were political propaganda (31). They also were dominated by (an imprecisely specified) pro-trade, middle class sensibility, which, as Heideking points out, should have implications for how we understand the results of the grand national discussion. Heideking also stresses the emergence of civil religion (37) in the celebrations, resuscitating that once abused but now neglected category of analysis to point out the important sacralization of the state by the federalists. Schloss, in his essay on the Philadelphia procession of July 4, 1788, argues interestingly that the real significance of that event was revealed in the aesthetics of the parade. A republican, allegorical aesthetic in the first group of floats, which carried role-playing dignitaries and symbols of the constitution, gave way by the end to a realist, liberal representation of economic interests and economic men-most notably in the parading artisans who carried the tools of their trade and in some cases actually produced goods as they were rolled along. The American parade, then, replicated at formal and cultural levels the ideological and social transformation Gordon Wood has identified as the radicalism of the American Revolution. The only problem here is that Alfred F. Young, Sean Wilentz, and others pointed out the differing aesthetic of the artisans years ago: Schloss emphasizes middle-class hegemony without arguing against their contrary emphasis on artisanal emergence. The most original essay here is unfortunately the shortest and least fulfilled. Marie-Jeanne Rossignol pairs the celebrations of the early 1790s inspired by the French Revolution, particularly the reception of Edmond-- Charles Genet, with the violent festivity of the Haitian and French revolutions. These latter, cruel or joyless (68, 69) festivals were very different, but similar in being cathartic expressions of emotion, and inspired by related chains of events. …" @default.
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