Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W1979519066> ?p ?o ?g. }
- W1979519066 endingPage "259" @default.
- W1979519066 startingPage "239" @default.
- W1979519066 abstract "We attempt to review the safety assessment of personal care products (PCP) and ingredients that are representative and pose complex safety issues. PCP are generally applied to human skin and mainly produce local exposure, although skin penetration or use in the oral cavity, on the face, lips, eyes and mucosa may also produce human systemic exposure. In the EU, US and Japan, the safety of PCP is regulated under cosmetic and/or drug regulations. Oxidative hair dyes contain arylamines, the most chemically reactive ingredients of PCP. Although arylamines have an allergic potential, taking into account the high number of consumers exposed, the incidence and prevalence of hair dye allergy appears to be low and stable. A recent (2001) epidemiology study suggested an association of oxidative hair dye use and increased bladder cancer risk in consumers, although this was not confirmed by subsequent or previous epidemiologic investigations. The results of genetic toxicity, carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity studies suggest that modern hair dyes and their ingredients pose no genotoxic, carcinogenic or reproductive risk. Recent reports suggest that arylamines contained in oxidative hair dyes are N-acetylated in human or mammalian skin resulting in systemic exposure to traces of detoxified, i.e. non-genotoxic, metabolites, whereas human hepatocytes were unable to transform hair dye arylamines to potentially carcinogenic metabolites. An expert panel of the International Agency on Research of Cancer (IARC) concluded that there is no evidence for a causal association of hair dye exposure with an elevated cancer risk in consumers. Ultraviolet filters have important benefits by protecting the consumer against adverse effects of UV radiation; these substances undergo a stringent safety evaluation under current international regulations prior to their marketing. Concerns were also raised about the safety of solid nanoparticles in PCP, mainly TiO2 and ZnO in sunscreens. However, current evidence suggests that these particles are non-toxic, do not penetrate into or through normal or compromised human skin and, therefore, pose no risk to human health. The increasing use of natural plant ingredients in personal care products raised new safety issues that require novel approaches to their safety evaluation similar to those of plant-derived food ingredients. For example, the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) is a promising tool to assess the safety of substances present at trace levels as well as minor ingredients of plant-derived substances. The potential human systemic exposure to PCP ingredients is increasingly estimated on the basis of in vitro skin penetration data. However, new evidence suggests that the in vitro test may overestimate human systemic exposure to PCP ingredients due to the absence of metabolism in cadaver skin or misclassification of skin residues that, in vivo, remain in the stratum corneum or hair follicle openings, i.e. outside the living skin. Overall, today's safety assessment of PCP and their ingredients is not only based on science, but also on their respective regulatory status as well as other issues, such as the ethics of animal testing. Nevertheless, the record shows that today's PCP are safe and offer multiple benefits to quality of life and health of the consumer. In the interest of all stakeholders, consumers, regulatory bodies and producers, there is an urgent need for an international harmonization on the status and safety requirements of these products and their ingredients." @default.
- W1979519066 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W1979519066 creator A5004665301 @default.
- W1979519066 creator A5005256784 @default.
- W1979519066 creator A5006294232 @default.
- W1979519066 creator A5014318030 @default.
- W1979519066 date "2010-03-01" @default.
- W1979519066 modified "2023-10-09" @default.
- W1979519066 title "Safety assessment of personal care products/cosmetics and their ingredients" @default.
- W1979519066 cites W179118820 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W1965268802 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W1965668260 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W1966958422 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W1972503774 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W1972949244 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W1974934668 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W1975824052 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W1976009194 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W1976460665 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W1976916490 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W1978822531 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W1980223650 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W1983379279 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W1983732196 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W1985492793 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W1986323418 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W1989254015 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W1990655597 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W1990794129 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W1993955681 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W1995518721 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W1995769685 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W1997537128 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W1998880610 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2000053588 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2001242106 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2001713629 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2003519988 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2004827986 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2006763276 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2006882273 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2007321013 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2007429508 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2007561508 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2007709524 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2008193018 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2008839081 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2009819737 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2010807610 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2011099020 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2013827200 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2014773433 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2015638706 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2015791236 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2020106098 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2021001730 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2021277344 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2025283114 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2025894730 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2026944355 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2031140892 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2031612868 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2032091771 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2033674578 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2033959503 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2035809335 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2037667386 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2037679147 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2038243183 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2039492689 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2042816334 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2042981474 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2044760813 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2049636219 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2055976102 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2056091792 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2057697580 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2058253769 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2060546130 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2062369597 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2065541507 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2066340221 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2066429867 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2068888135 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2069325694 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2070400366 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2072998411 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2074554558 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2075494270 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2076759023 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2080378846 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2081101083 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2081152611 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2081159973 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2081534467 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2082777156 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2082829018 @default.
- W1979519066 cites W2083932638 @default.