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• W1979797424 abstract "<h3>Background:</h3> Because human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection affects an increasing number of women in the United States, we investigated the role played by gender in the occurrence of HIV-related oral conditions. <h3>Methods:</h3> As part of a 4-year prospective study of 3 epidemiological cohorts, oral and physical examinations (including blood tests) were performed on HIV-infected men (n=200) and women (n=218) at 6-month intervals. Our outcome variables included oral conditions commonly associated with HIV infection: hairy leukoplakia, candidiasis, ulcers, warts, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Kaposi sarcoma, and parotid enlargement. <h3>Results:</h3> Only hairy leukoplakia, candidiasis, and ulcers were observed. The occurrence of hairy leukoplakia and candidiasis was higher in men (22% and 24%, respectively) than in women (9% and 13%, respectively) during the study period. A regression model for longitudinal data (generalized estimating equation) disclosed that the odds of having hairy leukoplakia were 2.5 times higher for men than for women, after controlling for CD4⁺cell count, race, and injecting drug use (95% confidence interval, 1.34-4.76;<i>P</i>=.003). Length of follow-up did not confound this association. A weaker association was found between the occurrence of oral candidiasis and gender (adjusted odds ratio, 1.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-3.43;<i>P</i>=.05). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> In this sample of HIV-infected adults, we found that men were significantly more likely to have hairy leukoplakia than were women. The hairy leukoplakiagender association merits further investigation, because it may be related to a gender difference in the mode of expression of Epstein-Barr virus. Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:2249-2254" @default.
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• W1979797424 date "1996-10-28" @default.
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• W1979797424 title "Human Immunodeficiency Virus—Related Oral Manifestations and Gender" @default.
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• W1979797424 doi "https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1996.00440180113014" @default.
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