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- W1980090832 abstract "Hakluyt, Harvey, Nashe:The Material Text and Early Modern Nationalism Matthew Day Giles Fletcher's Of the Rvsse Common Wealth (1591) was an engaging if idiosyncratic work. Half travel narrative and half descriptive geography, it combined an account of Fletcher's 1588-89 embassy to Russia with a description of the people and the country. It told of Tsar Ivan IV's murder of his son, disclosed the country's plaine tyrannicall form of government, and made sweeping assertions about the Russian people: the Russe neither beleeueth any thing that an other man speaketh, nor speaketh any thing himselfe worthie to be beleeued.1 While such rhetorical flourishes may have been entertaining, they also proved problematic. The Muscovy Company merchants, who had been trading in Russia since the 1550s, wrote to Lord Burleigh seeking the tract's suppression. They feared Fletcher's work would offend the tsar and that the revenge thereof will light on theire [the Company's] people and goodes remayning in Russia, and utterlie overthrowe the trade for ever.2 [End Page 281] The merchants' letter to Burleigh revealed competing nationalist interests.3 On the one hand, Fletcher had been Elizabeth's ambassador and a government representative who acted in the interests of the state. His mission was successful, and he dedicated his narrative to Elizabeth because it cast her reign in a positive light. By the late 1580s and early 1590s, on the other hand, the Muscovy Company had become an important part of the national interest. It exported wool—the English staple— and imported wax and the cordage that was used for navy rigging. Burleigh, then, had to decide between the potential benefits of propaganda and the practical concerns of the Muscovy Company. Ever-pragmatic, he favored the merchants and called in Fletcher's tract.4 The censorship provoked differing responses from two of Fletcher's contemporaries. In The Principal Navigations, Voiages, Traffiqves and Discoveries of the English Nation (1598-1600), Richard Hakluyt rather disingenuously commented, M. Giles Fletcher, as I understand, hath drawen a booke intituled, Of the Russe Common wealth.5 Hakluyt then listed the chapter headings of Fletcher's tract and published carefully chosen extracts of the text. All the sections that the Muscovy Company [End Page 282] had complained to Burleigh about were omitted, as were some additional chapters (Principal Navigations, 1:474).6 By contrast, Thomas Nashe glanced at the suppression of Fletcher's tract when reflecting, in his Lenten Stuffe (1599), on malevolent interpretations of the written word: if but carelesly betwixt sleeping and waking I write I knowe not what against plebeian Publicans and sinners … and leaue some termes in suspence that my post-haste want of argent will not giue mee elbowe roome enough to explane or examine as I would, out steps me an infant squib of the Innes of Court, … and he[,] to approue hymselfe an extrauagant statesman[,] catcheth hold of a rush, a[n]d absolutely concludeth, it is meant of the Emperour of Ruscia, and that it will vtterly marre the traffike into that country if all the Pamphlets bee not called in and suppressed, wherein that libelling word is mentioned.7 For Hakluyt, censorship was a constraint. For Nashe, it became an opportunity to comment on hermeneutics and the search for hidden political meanings. Both men, however, drew attention to material aspects of book production. Nashe claimed that poverty meant he could not afford the paper on which he would have expounded his meaning more fully; Hakluyt published the banned text metonymically by issuing a list of chapter headings. This article explores the way that the material text was used by both Nashe and Hakluyt to support their different visions of the best way to benefit the nation. To understand Hakluyt's position, we first need to explore his association with Gabriel Harvey, Nashe's enemy. In 1598, Harvey referred to Hakluyt as his frend, and the comment [End Page 283] suggests an awareness of the forthcoming second edition of The Principal Navigations: I looke for much, aswell in verse, as in prose, from mie two Oxford frends, Doctor Gager, & M. Hackluit: both rarely furnished for the purpose.8 The allusion to..." @default.
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- W1980090832 date "2007-01-01" @default.
- W1980090832 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W1980090832 title "Hakluyt, Harvey, Nashe: The Material Text and Early Modern Nationalism" @default.
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- W1980090832 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/sip.2007.0012" @default.
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