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• W1980308045 abstract "The Magnitude of Nature's Forces The more one understands the working of our planet in general and it's climate in particular, the more one becomes overcome with awe at the magnitude, complexity and grandeur of the natural scheme of things. Indeed, one can easily adopt a strong religious outlook to this work. So it is appropriate to open this paper with an example that has a strong religious couple. The emergence of the Earth from the Last Ice Age saw repeated warmings and coolings from about 20,000 years ago (20 KYs) to about 8 KYs before present (8 KYBP), when the Earth, approached its's present temperature. Over the past 20 KYs the oceans underwent about a 120 meter rise (a 400 foot rise) from their lowest levels seen in the Last Ice Age. Over the interval from 17 to 7.5 KYBP, as the ice sheets melted, and the oceans rose, the level of the Mediterranean gradually increased from 110 meters below present (mbp) to 15 mbp. At the end of this period an incredible event1 occurred in and around the Black Sea, coupled to this sea level rise. The Black Sea started as a lake. And its level oscillated over this 9.5 KY period, from 140 mbp to 15 to 127 to 156 mbp (Figure I). There was thus a head of 141 meters between the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Lake and sea water started to come through around the year 5500 Be. This occurred, first as a trickle, but soon as a torrent, with 1000 times the flow of Niagara Falls. This sea water intrusion would soon turn into an absolute disaster. It is estimated that the sea level rose 15 – 30 cms per day. The inhabitants would have had to retreat as much as one kilometer per day2 over a period of 100 – 200 days. Shelters would have disappeared rapidly as would most possessions and food, which would soon become the most pressing problem. Indeed this was an incredible event. Could this have been Noah's flood? We may never know. However legends of a great flood abound in many cultures around the world. If it was not Noah's flood it surely was one of Biblical proportions and helps depict the titanic magnitude of natural events around or connected to the behavior of our oceans. Background Global warming, as an environmental issue and as a priority of the Clinton/Gore Administration, has been much in the news with all of the publicity and hype around the Kyoto Treaty. The global warming issue is based on a gradually increasing level of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in our atmosphere, primarily CO2, that will increase the energy retained within the Earth's greenhouse system. There is no argument that such a system exists. And GHGs are real as is the global warming phenomenon. (Indeed, without the natural GHGs the Earth's average temperature would drop as much as 33° C. It should be noted in passing that the dominant GHG in this natural global warming is H2O, not CO2, not CH4, not chloro-flourocarbons, but H2O)." @default.
• W1980308045 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1980308045 creator A5086036104 @default.
• W1980308045 date "1998-05-04" @default.
• W1980308045 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W1980308045 title "The Incredible Story of the Worlds Oceans: Will Global Warming Have an Impact?" @default.
• W1980308045 doi "https://doi.org/10.4043/8689-ms" @default.
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