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- W1980571819 endingPage "7622" @default.
- W1980571819 startingPage "7622" @default.
- W1980571819 abstract "Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of liver disease and infects an estimated 240 million people worldwide. It is characterised by a high degree of genetic heterogeneity because of the use of a reverse transcriptase during viral replication. The ten genotypes (A-J) that have been described so far further segregate into a number of subgenotypes which have distinct ethno-geographic distribution. Genotypes A and D are ubiquitous and the most prevalent genotypes in Europe (mainly represented by subgenotypes D1-3 and A2); genotypes B and C are restricted to eastern Asia and Oceania; genotype E to central and western Africa; and genotypes H and F (classified into 4 subgenotypes) to Latin America and Alaska. This review summarises the data obtained by studying the global phylodynamics and phylogeography of HBV genotypes, particularly those concerning the origin and dispersion histories of genotypes A, D, E and F and their subgenotypes. The lack of any consensus concerning the HBV substitution rate and the conflicting data obtained using different calibration approaches make the time of origin and divergence of the various genotypes and subgenotypes largely uncertain. It is hypothesised that HBV evolutionary rates are time dependent, and that the changes depend on the main transmission routes of the genotypes and the dynamics of the infected populations." @default.
- W1980571819 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W1980571819 creator A5001322895 @default.
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- W1980571819 creator A5046191759 @default.
- W1980571819 creator A5065051751 @default.
- W1980571819 creator A5072223346 @default.
- W1980571819 date "2014-01-01" @default.
- W1980571819 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W1980571819 title "Enigmatic origin of hepatitis B virus: An ancient travelling companion or a recent encounter?" @default.
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