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• W1981508918 abstract "The HER2 gene, amplified in 10 to 35% of invasive human breast carcinomas, has prognostic and therapeutic implications. Fluorescent in situ hybridization is one method currently used for assessing HER2 status, but fluorescent in situ hybridization involves the time-consuming step of manual signal enumeration. To address this issue, Vysis has developed an automated signal enumeration system, Vysis AutoVysion. A multicenter, blinded study was conducted on 39 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded invasive breast carcinoma specimens, including 20 HER2 nonamplified and 19 HER2 amplified (weakly to highly amplified), provided in duplicate to each study site for analysis. Calculation of the HER2/CEP17 ratio and the hands-on time of both manual and automated enumeration approaches were compared. Overall agreement of HER2 classification results (positive and negative) was 92.5% (196 of 212). The Vysis AutoVysion System requires manual enumeration for cases with scanner results within the ratio range of 1.5 to 3.0. When the data in this range are excluded, the agreement between manual and scanner results is 98.8% (169 of 171). The average Vysis AutoVysion System hands-on time per slide was 4.59 versus 7.47 minutes for manual signal enumeration (savings of 2.88 minutes/slide). These data suggest that the Vysis AutoVysion System can correctly classify specimens and may increase the overall efficiency of HER2 testing. The HER2 gene, amplified in 10 to 35% of invasive human breast carcinomas, has prognostic and therapeutic implications. Fluorescent in situ hybridization is one method currently used for assessing HER2 status, but fluorescent in situ hybridization involves the time-consuming step of manual signal enumeration. To address this issue, Vysis has developed an automated signal enumeration system, Vysis AutoVysion. A multicenter, blinded study was conducted on 39 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded invasive breast carcinoma specimens, including 20 HER2 nonamplified and 19 HER2 amplified (weakly to highly amplified), provided in duplicate to each study site for analysis. Calculation of the HER2/CEP17 ratio and the hands-on time of both manual and automated enumeration approaches were compared. Overall agreement of HER2 classification results (positive and negative) was 92.5% (196 of 212). The Vysis AutoVysion System requires manual enumeration for cases with scanner results within the ratio range of 1.5 to 3.0. When the data in this range are excluded, the agreement between manual and scanner results is 98.8% (169 of 171). The average Vysis AutoVysion System hands-on time per slide was 4.59 versus 7.47 minutes for manual signal enumeration (savings of 2.88 minutes/slide). These data suggest that the Vysis AutoVysion System can correctly classify specimens and may increase the overall efficiency of HER2 testing. The HER2 gene (ERBB2) is located on chromosome 17 (q11.2-q12) and encodes a 185-kd transmembrane glycoprotein with intracellular tyrosine kinase activity, which is closely related to the epidermal growth factor receptor.1Baselga J Herceptin alone or in combination with chemotherapy in the treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: pivotal trials.Oncology. 2001; 61: 14-21Crossref PubMed Scopus (159) Google Scholar2Bofin AM Ytterhus B Martin C O'Leary JJ Hagmar BM Detection and quantitation of HER-2 gene amplification and protein expression in breast carcinoma.Am J Clin Pathol. 2004; 122: 110-119Crossref PubMed Scopus (56) Google Scholar3Bloom K Harrington D Enhanced accuracy and reliability of HER-2/neu immunohistochemical scoring using digital microscopy.Am J Clin Pathol. 2004; 21: 620-630Crossref Scopus (93) Google Scholar4Gjerdrum LM Sorensen BS Kjeldsen E Sorensen FB Nexo E Hamilton-Dutoit S Real-time quantitative PCR of microdissected paraffin-embedded breast carcinoma, an alternative method for HER-2 analysis.J Mol Diagn. 2004; 6: 42-51Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (98) Google Scholar5Ginestier C Charafe-Jauffret E Penault-Llorca F Geneix J Adelaide J Chaffanet M Mozziconacci M Hassoun J Viens P Birnbaum D Jacquemier J Comparative multi-methodological measurement of ERBB2 status in breast cancer.J Pathol. 2004; 202: 286-298Crossref PubMed Scopus (59) Google Scholar6Vera-Román JM Rubio-Martinez LA Comparative assays for the HER-2/neu oncogene status in breast cancer.Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2004; 128: 627-633PubMed Google Scholar Overexpression of the HER2 oncogene seems to stimulate growth and cellular motility and has been implicated in several malignancies.4Gjerdrum LM Sorensen BS Kjeldsen E Sorensen FB Nexo E Hamilton-Dutoit S Real-time quantitative PCR of microdissected paraffin-embedded breast carcinoma, an alternative method for HER-2 analysis.J Mol Diagn. 2004; 6: 42-51Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (98) Google Scholar,6Vera-Román JM Rubio-Martinez LA Comparative assays for the HER-2/neu oncogene status in breast cancer.Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2004; 128: 627-633PubMed Google Scholar,7Lehr H Jacobs TW Yaziji H Schnitt SJ Gown AM Quantitative evaluation of Her-2/neu status in breast cancer by fluorescence in situ hybridization and by immunohistochemistry with image analysis.Am J Clin Pathol. 2001; 115: 814-822Crossref PubMed Scopus (65) Google ScholarApproximately 10 to 35% of invasive human breast carcinomas are associated with HER2 protein overexpression.2Bofin AM Ytterhus B Martin C O'Leary JJ Hagmar BM Detection and quantitation of HER-2 gene amplification and protein expression in breast carcinoma.Am J Clin Pathol. 2004; 122: 110-119Crossref PubMed Scopus (56) Google Scholar,6Vera-Román JM Rubio-Martinez LA Comparative assays for the HER-2/neu oncogene status in breast cancer.Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2004; 128: 627-633PubMed Google Scholar,8Hoff ER Tubbs RR Myles JL Procop GW HER-2/neu amplification in breast cancer, stratification by tumor type and grade.Am J Clin Pathol. 2002; 117: 916-921Crossref PubMed Scopus (99) Google Scholar HER2 overexpression is considered an unfavorable prognostic factor and is associated with better response rates to trastuzumab (Herceptin) therapy and anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimens.9Piccart M Lohrisch C Di Leo A Larsimont D The predictive value of HER2 in breast cancer.Oncology. 2001; 61: 73-82Crossref PubMed Scopus (124) Google Scholar Most breast carcinomas that overexpress HER2 are invasive ductal adenocarcinomas (95.5%) and are high-grade tumors [histopathological grades 2 (28%) or 3 (69%)]. Overexpression of HER2 is rare in invasive lobular carcinoma (0.8%) and other specialized types of breast carcinomas.8Hoff ER Tubbs RR Myles JL Procop GW HER-2/neu amplification in breast cancer, stratification by tumor type and grade.Am J Clin Pathol. 2002; 117: 916-921Crossref PubMed Scopus (99) Google Scholar,10Bilous M Ades C Armes J Bishop J Brown R Cooke B Cummings M Farshid G Field A Morey A McKenzie P Raymond W Robbins P Tan L Predicting the HER2 status of breast cancer from basic histopathology data: an analysis of 1500 breast cancers as part of the HER2000 International Study.Breast. 2003; 12: 92-98Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (82) Google ScholarStudies have shown that the most common mechanism (90 to 96%) of HER2 overexpression is gene amplification.2Bofin AM Ytterhus B Martin C O'Leary JJ Hagmar BM Detection and quantitation of HER-2 gene amplification and protein expression in breast carcinoma.Am J Clin Pathol. 2004; 122: 110-119Crossref PubMed Scopus (56) Google Scholar,9Piccart M Lohrisch C Di Leo A Larsimont D The predictive value of HER2 in breast cancer.Oncology. 2001; 61: 73-82Crossref PubMed Scopus (124) Google Scholar,11Pauletti G Dandekar S Rong H Ramos L Peng H Seshadri R Slamon DJ Assessment of methods for tissue-based detection of the HER-2/neu alteration in human breast cancer: a direct comparison of fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry.J Clin Oncol. 2000; 18: 3651-3664Crossref PubMed Scopus (603) Google Scholar,12Press MF Sauter G Bernstein L Villaobos IE Mirlacher M Zhou J-Y Wardeh R Li Y-T Guzman R Ma Y Sullivan-Halley J Santiago A Park JM Riva A Slamon DJ Diagnostic evaluation of HER-2 as a molecular target: an assessment of accuracy and reproducibility of laboratory testing in large, prospective, randomized clinical trials.Clin Cancer Res. 2005; 11: 6598-6607Crossref PubMed Scopus (279) Google Scholar Widely used approaches to assess HER2 status include immunohistochemistry (IHC) to determine protein expression and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to determine HER2 gene copy number.4Gjerdrum LM Sorensen BS Kjeldsen E Sorensen FB Nexo E Hamilton-Dutoit S Real-time quantitative PCR of microdissected paraffin-embedded breast carcinoma, an alternative method for HER-2 analysis.J Mol Diagn. 2004; 6: 42-51Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (98) Google Scholar,11Pauletti G Dandekar S Rong H Ramos L Peng H Seshadri R Slamon DJ Assessment of methods for tissue-based detection of the HER-2/neu alteration in human breast cancer: a direct comparison of fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry.J Clin Oncol. 2000; 18: 3651-3664Crossref PubMed Scopus (603) Google Scholar,13Elkin EB Weinstein MC Winer EP Kuntz KM Schnitt SJ Weeks JC HER-2 testing and trastuzumab therapy for metastatic breast cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysis.J Clin Oncol. 2004; 22: 854-863Crossref PubMed Scopus (194) Google Scholar14Perez EA Roche PC Jenkins RB Reynolds CA Halling KC Ingle JN Wold LE HER2 testing in patients with breast cancer: poor correlation between weak positivity by immunohistochemistry and gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization.Mayo Clin Proc. 2002; 77: 148-154Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (198) Google Scholar15Schnitt SJ Jacobs TW Current status of HER2 testing, caught between a rock and a hard place.Am J Clin Pathol. 2001; 116: 806-810Crossref PubMed Scopus (65) Google Scholar Reportedly, FISH has shown greater interlaboratory concordance and has been found to be a better predictor of response to trastuzumab (Herceptin) therapy, as compared with IHC.1Baselga J Herceptin alone or in combination with chemotherapy in the treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: pivotal trials.Oncology. 2001; 61: 14-21Crossref PubMed Scopus (159) Google Scholar,11Pauletti G Dandekar S Rong H Ramos L Peng H Seshadri R Slamon DJ Assessment of methods for tissue-based detection of the HER-2/neu alteration in human breast cancer: a direct comparison of fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry.J Clin Oncol. 2000; 18: 3651-3664Crossref PubMed Scopus (603) Google Scholar,14Perez EA Roche PC Jenkins RB Reynolds CA Halling KC Ingle JN Wold LE HER2 testing in patients with breast cancer: poor correlation between weak positivity by immunohistochemistry and gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization.Mayo Clin Proc. 2002; 77: 148-154Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (198) Google Scholar,16Cell Markers and Cytogenetics Committees College of American Pathologists Clinical laboratory assays for HER-2/neu amplification and overexpression: quality assurance, standardization, and proficiency testing.Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2002; 126: 803-808PubMed Google Scholar17Dybdal N Leiberman G Anderson S McCune B Bajamonde A Cohen R Mass RD Saunders Corsee Press MF Determination of HER2 gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization and concordance with the clinical trials immunohistochemical assay in women with metastatic breast cancer evaluated for treatment with trastuzumab.Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2005; 93: 3-11Crossref PubMed Scopus (157) Google Scholar18Mass R Press MF Anderson S Cobleigh MA Vogel CL Dybdal N Leiberman Slamon DJ Evaluation of clinical outcomes according to HER2 detection by fluorescence in situ hybridization in women with metastatic breast cancer treated with trastuzumab.Clin Breast Cancer. 2005; 6: 240-246Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (287) Google Scholar19McCormick SR Lillemoe TJ Beneke J Schrauth J Reinartz J Her2 assessment by immunohistochemical analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization, comparison of HercepTest and PathVysion commercial assays.Am J Clin Pathol. 2002; 117: 935-943Crossref PubMed Scopus (81) Google Scholar20Vogel CL Cobleigh MA Tripathy D Gutheil JC Harris LN Fehrenbacher L Slamon DJ Murphy M Novotny WF Burchmore M Shak S Stewart SJ First-line Herceptin monotherapy in metastatic breast cancer.Oncology. 2001; 61: 37-42Crossref PubMed Scopus (166) Google Scholar21Wiley EL Diaz LK High-quality HER-2 testing, setting a standard for oncologic biomarker assessment.JAMA. 2004; 291: 2019-2020Crossref PubMed Scopus (11) Google Scholar One drawback to the FISH assay is the time-consuming process of manual signal enumeration. In an effort to determine whether the efficiency of FISH HER2 gene copy number analysis could be improved, Vysis (Downers Grove, IL) developed an automated signal enumeration system (Vysis AutoVysion System), which uses a scanner, a computer with scanning and analysis software, and an automated fluorescence microscope with a motorized stage. The goal of this study was to validate the use of an automated signal enumeration system in the HER2 Vysis PathVysion FISH assay and to assess its utility in the laboratory setting.Materials and MethodsStudy DesignA blinded study was conducted at three separate sites, including the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, IL; and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Duplicate study slide sets of 39 breast cancer specimens and corresponding control slides were sent to the different sites for 10 scanning days. For standardization, Vysis performed the slide preparation including the hybridization of fluorescent probes before distribution to the different study sites. FISH assays were performed according to the Vysis PathVysion HER2 DNA probe package insert and the VP2000/HYBrite procedure as specified by the manufacturer's instructions (PathVysion HER2 DNA Probe Kit package insert. Vysis, 1998). Each set of slides was analyzed at the different study sites within 24 hours of receipt. Automated enumeration was performed first with the scanner (Vysis AutoVysion System) followed by manual enumeration, all within a single 8-hour time period. The HER2 and CEP17 signal counts, HER2/CEP17 ratios, the time to produce a result, and the average hands-on time were calculated and recorded for each method.Specimen SelectionThis study used formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human breast tissue specimens from 40 different invasive breast carcinomas (ductal and lobular) with varying degrees of HER2 gene amplification as determined by Vysis (Abbott Laboratories Inc., Des Plaines, IL) using FISH. The specimens included 20 HER2 nonamplified breast carcinomas and 20 HER2 amplified breast carcinoma specimens including normal, weakly amplified (ratios, 2.0 to 3.0), moderately amplified (ratios, 3.0 to 6.0) and highly amplified (ratios, >6.0) specimens. One specimen within the group of amplified specimens consistently failed the Vysis PathVysion assay and was subsequently excluded from the study. Each slide was labeled with a one-way identifier. Each set of slides included an average of eight specimen slides (each with a corresponding hematoxylin and eosin slide) and two control slides (Vysis ProbeChek). The control slides consisted of 4- to 6-μm sections of pelleted paraffin-embedded cell lines exhibiting HER2 to CEP17 ratios of ∼1.8 (cutoff control) and 1.0 (normal control). An independent pathologist identified and marked the area of invasive tumor on each slide using a diamond tip stylus. Each study site received randomly selected sets of 10 slides on separate study days. The 78 specimen slides analyzed at each site represented duplicate slides of each of the 39 different breast carcinoma specimens.Scanner SoftwareThe Vysis AutoVysion System utilizes software that addresses three potential concerns when enumerating FISH signals via an automated system. First, it is difficult for automated systems to reliably separate overlapping nuclei, which is commonly seen in tissue sections. Second, it is difficult for automated systems to consistently differentiate normal cell nuclei from tumor cell nuclei, especially when cell nuclei overlap. Third, tissue sections, although thin, are three-dimensional and often require focusing up and down through the tissue to determine accurate signal counts.To overcome these issues, the prototypic Vysis AutoVysion System software uses a targeted tiles sampling method (Figure 1). In this method, each field of view in the area selected for analysis is sampled by placing a set of nonoverlapping square patches or tiles of equal size (approximately the size of a large tumor cell nucleus) on the image. The distribution of the tiles maximizes the 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) fluorescence contained within each tile. This results in a set of tiles that cover the majority of the nuclear material in each field of view, while leaving the background areas unsampled. Each tile may include a single tumor nucleus, a single normal nucleus, or portions of one or more nuclei of either type. The system scans in three dimensions, including nine separate planes of focus (Z plane) through the thickness of the tissue, accounting for signals in multiple planes of sections. The software then determines the spot counts in each tile irrespective of whether the tile contains a whole nucleus, part of a nucleus, or multiple nuclei. Image files can be stored and reviewed at a later date if needed.All tiles are analyzed and included in the ratio analysis unless they are determined to be of poor quality (not based on ratio calculation). A minimum of 34 high-quality tiles is needed to produce a valid scanner result (not determined from this study). Depending on the degree of heterogeneity (amplified versus nonamplified) of the cells in the scanned areas, different two-dimensional per tile HER2/CEP17 spot count distributions will be obtained (Figure 2). When the tiles sample a homogeneous set of cells, the spot count distributions will be unimodal. In contrast, if the tiles sample a mixed set of cells containing both amplified and nonamplified cells, a bimodal distribution, or at least a significantly skewed shape, will be seen. In the latter case, the spot counts of the amplified cells can be extracted using an expectation maximization algorithm producing a HER2/CEP17 ratio estimation that is not falsely lowered by the nonamplified cells. Expectation maximization algorithm, a well-known iterative procedure for solving distribution mixture problems, is used to fit a mixture of two distributions to the observed two-dimensional spot count distribution. It is able to exploit the constraint that one of the fitted distributions (representing the nonamplified component) must have an overall HER2/CEP17 ratio of 1. The goodness of fit of the two-distribution model can be compared with the goodness of fit of a single distribution, to ensure that truly homogeneous samples are not erroneously fitted by two separate distributions. The final HER2/CEP17 ratio is then obtained directly from the parameters of the fitted distribution(s). In cases in which homogeneous staining regions (cytogenetic phenomenon representing gene amplification) are encountered and individual signals cannot be counted, the software shifts to a different spot-counting algorithm, which measures the signal area (instead of individual spot counts). The measured signal areas are then converted to spot count numbers based on a predetermined conversion factor.Figure 2Two-dimensional per tile HER2/CEP17 spot count distributions. The HER2/CEP17 spot count distribution typical of a homogenous set of cells (all nonamplified or all amplified cells; left) contrasts with that of a mixed population of cells (nonamplified and amplified cells; right).View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)Signal EnumerationAutomated signal enumeration was achieved using the Vysis AutoVysion System, which combines a scanner, an automated fluorescence microscope, a motorized scanning stage holding up to eight slides, a large-format charge-coupled device camera, and a computer with scanning and analysis software. The fluorescence microscope contains a mercury arc lamp for epi-illumination; three single-pass filter sets for DAPI, Spectrum Green, and Spectrum Orange and a triple-pass filter set for DAPI/Spectrum Green/Spectrum Orange mounted in a motorized filter turret; ×10 and ×40 objectives in a motorized objective turret; a ×10 eyepiece; and camera port. Individual slides or up to eight slides can be batched and analyzed in a given run. According to separate internal studies conducted solely by Vysis (data not derived from the current study), in serial analysis the system is ready for the next eight slides in ∼85 minutes, and in batched analysis the system is ready for the next eight slides in ∼35 minutes.For the study, slides were loaded onto the motorized stage and scanned by the technologist in the previously marked tumor area. Ten distinct (nonoverlapping) fields of view with acceptable hybridization quality were selected by the technologist for automatic slide coordinate recording. The fields of view for all eight slides were selected before the system scanned any of the slides, only requiring technician input at the start of a run. These preselected fields of view were subsequently analyzed by the system independent of the technologist. First, two control slides were used at the beginning of a run to confirm the system was producing results within the expected limits. If the system determined the HER2/CEP17 ratio was between 1.5 to 3.0, it notified the technician that the results were equivocal. In addition, if the system detected a large number of poor quality tiles, the entire sample was rejected.After automated enumeration, each slide was manually scored within the same previously marked tumor area by two technologists, according to the manufacturer's instructions. These technologists were blinded to the automated system results. For each slide, the HER2 and CEP17 signal counts were recorded for at least 20 nuclei and the average HER2/CEP17 ratio was calculated. Each technologist evaluated 20 additional nuclei if the HER2/CEP17 ratio was in the 1.8 to 2.2 range. The 1.8 to 2.2 range is the specified borderline range for reflex counting of additional nuclei by the PathVysion HER2 DNA probe kit package insert when performing manual signal enumeration. The time to obtain a result for both the manual and automated methods was monitored with stopwatches with an accuracy of better than ±6 seconds.Statistical AnalysisThe HER2 and CEP17 signal counts, HER2/CEP17 ratios, the time to obtain a result and the average hands-on time were calculated and recorded for both the automated and manual approaches. The time to obtain a result and the average hands-on time for the manual enumeration method were both defined as the average elapsed time between the time analysis began and when a result was created. The time to obtain a result for the scanner enumeration method was defined as the average elapsed time between the time field of view selection began and the time a result was created. The average hands-on time for the scanner enumeration method was defined as the average time required for fields of view selection.Only cases with informative results for both the manual and automated methods were included in the data analyses. Bias calculations were restricted to cases with duplicate informative results. The optimum number of fields of view to be analyzed for each sample was 10. One sample had poor cellularity, and only eight fields of view were obtained. This case still provided informative data, however, which were included in the results. HER2 status assessment was conducted with respect to percentage of cases correctly classified (ie, positive or negative for HER2 gene amplification as determined by manual signal enumeration).All statistical analyses were performed by Vysis, Abbott Laboratories (Des Plaines, IL) as required by the Food and Drug Administration for 510K submission by Vysis. For quantitative analysis, the manufacturer's design specifications used the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline EP9-A2 Section 6.2, “Method Comparison and Bias Estimation Using Patient Samples, Approved Guideline” as a guide for data analysis. Identification of within method outliers and average bias throughout a specified range were calculated in accordance with the CLSI document. The point value ±15% was considered acceptable error for evaluating bias.22Krouwer JS Tholen DW Garber CC Goldschmidt HMJ Harris Kroll M Linnet K Meier K Robinowitz M Kennedy JW Method Comparison and Bias Estimation Using Patient Samples; Approved Guideline, ed 2, document EP9-A2. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne2002Google Scholar In addition, a poolability analysis using Fischer's exact test was conducted on the manual enumeration results to determine whether the data collected across the three study sites could be pooled. An analysis of variance was performed on results from the automated enumeration method to determine whether there were significant differences among the means from the three sites and from day to day using Levene's test for homogeneity of variances.ResultsA total of six slides (two slides from each case for each of the three study sites) from each of the initial 40 cases were prepared (total 240 slides). Of the initial slides, 20 slides, including all six slides from one case, failed to hybridize or produced no results. Of the 220 slides with results, bias analysis identified four within-method outliers (eight data points) and were removed from the data set (per CLSI guideline EP9-A2), for a total of 212 slides with informative results. Among specimens with informative results for both methods, classification of results (ie, positive or negative for HER2 gene amplification) were concordant in 92.5% (196 of 212) of slides tested. Scanner and manual results were considered positive if the ratio was >2.0 and negative if <2.0. However, the manufacturer stipulates that manual rescoring be performed for scanner results in the 1.5 to 3.0 HER2/CEP17 ratio range. When the scanner data in this range and corresponding manual data for each slide are excluded (41 data points), the concordance rate between the automated and manual classification increases to 98.8% (169 of 171). The distribution of ratio results for each enumeration method within specified HER2/CEP17 ratio ranges is illustrated in Table 1. Positive agreement (slides with both scanner and manual results >2.0), negative agreement (slides with both scanner and manual results <2.0), and discordant results (slides with one result >2.0 and one <2.0) as well as the totals for data sets with scanner results in the 1.5 to 3.0 HER2/CEP17 ratio range are summarized in Table 2. Table 3 displays the positive agreement, negative agreement, and discordant results after slides with scanner results in the 1.5 to 3.0 range are removed. (Note: The corresponding manual results of slides with scanner results in the 1.5 to 3.0 range are removed, and therefore the data in Table 1, Table 3 are not directly interchangeable.)Table 1Distribution of Scanner and Manual HER2/CEP17 RatiosManual HER2/CEP17 ratioScanner rHER2/CEP17 ratio<1.51.5 to <2.02.0 to <2.52.5 to <3.03.0 to <5.05.0 to <10≥10.0Total<1.577200000791.5 to <2.017331000242.0 to <2.57021010112.5 to <3.0300102063.0 to <5.0103416144425.0 to <10.001015192046=10.000000134Total105688213727212 Open table in a new tab Table 2Automated Versus Manual Classification of HER2 Gene Amplification Including Automated Results in the 1.5 to 3.0 HER2/CEP17 Ratio RangeManual+−TotalScanner+9712109−499103Total101111212Positive, scanner or manual ratio results >2.0; negative, scanner or manual ratio results <2.0. Open table in a new tab Table 3Automated Versus Manual Classification of HER2 Gene Amplification Excluding Slides with Automated Results in the 1.5 to 3.0 HER2/CEP17 Ratio RangeManual+−TotalScanner+90292−07979Total9081171Positive,= scanner or manual ratio results >2.0; negative, scanner or manual ratio results <2.0. Open table in a new tab Table 3 (without scanner results in the 1.5 to 3.0 HER2/CEP17 ratio range) shows two false-positive scanner results. In the study, each tumor was enumerated in a blinded manner six times with the scanner and six times manually (two times by each method at each of the three different sites). For each of the two tumors categorized as false-positive scanner results, five of the six manual and five of the six scanner results were concordantly classified as amplified (only one of six manual results was classified as nonamplified). These findings suggest that the single nonamplified manual result for each of these two specimens represent false negatives, possibly secondary to poor hybridization or scoring of nonamplified tumor cells, which can falsely lower the overall HER2/CEP17 ratio used for HER-2 status determination in manual scoring. In contrast, the software used by the system can identify a population of amplified cells within a background of nonamplified cells, and therefore is, in theory, less susceptible to false-negative results attributable to background nonamplified cells.The average time to obtain a result for the automated enumeration method (Vysis AutoVysion" @default.
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• W1981508918 title "Analysis of HER2 Gene Amplification Using an Automated Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Signal Enumeration System" @default.
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