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• W1982147887 abstract "Abstract Underground storage of natural gas is an essential part of the nation's gas delivery capability and is a vital component of individual system supply necessary to meet the peak day demands of gas customers during the winter heating season. The peak day sendout from storage may represent for many companies as much as 50% or more of total market requirements. From the national standpoint, the peak day sendout from underground storage during the 1977–78 winter was 39.4 Bcf or the equivalent in volume of a heating demand load of 6.6 million barrels of oil per day. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed regulations which would impose burdensome proposed regulations which would impose burdensome and unnecessary requirements upon underground gas storage operations. Imposition of such constraints on new and existing natural gas storage facilities will, in all likelihood, result in the loss or abandonment of considerable numbers of existing storage wells and fields; and, will inhibit the development of new storage reservoirs. More importantly, the underground injection of natural gas for storage does not endanger drinking water sources, insofar as endangerment is defined in Section 1421(d)(2) of the Safe Drinking Water Act. That section provides: Underground injection endangers drinking water sources if such injection may result in the presence in underground water which supplies or presence in underground water which supplies or can reasonably be expected to supply any public water system of any contaminant and if the presence of such contaminant may result in such presence of such contaminant may result in such system's not complying with any national primary drinking water regulation or may otherwise primary drinking water regulation or may otherwise adversely affect the health of persons. (emphasis added) 42 U.S.C. 300h(d)(2) Based on this definition, EPA's proposed regulations are inapplicable to gas storage; and, EPA's attempt to subject gas storage to regulation exceeds statutory authority and represents an unnecessary and costly regulatory intrusion. Certain fundamental points concerning natural gas storage demonstrate that the well injection of gas for storage presents no danger to drinking water sources. First, considerable amounts of money are expended by industry to ensure that the injected and stored natural gas is contained within the well. Second, natural gas stored underground is essentially insoluble in water and does not form any permanent association with water. Third, there exists no national primary drinking water standard applicable to injected natural gas; and, there is no evidence that natural gas in existence with drinking water poses a threat to human consumption. Quite the contrary, natural gas can and does coexist and is compatible with underground drinking water sources. These facts are supported by a quote from EPA's heavily relied upon Draft Environmental Impact Statement: to the best of our (ERA's) knowledge, all of these (natural gas storage) wells are well engineered and well operated, and pose no threat to ground water (DEIS - Costs and Economic Impacts - p. 11). Indeed, the cost of compliance would have a very significant impact on the natural gas industry customers according to industry estimates. EPA's figures, however, are in sharp contrast to those prepared by the industry and appear to be based upon prepared by the industry and appear to be based upon an over-simplifacation and misreading of the proposed regulations. GAS INDUSTRY EPA ESTIMATED COMPLIANCE ACTION ESTIMATED COST COST Monitoring, logging $20,400,000 $760,000 and reporting per year per year Casing and cementing of existing wells 290,000,000 no estimate Enclosing open annuli 177,000,000 16,000,000 ALTERNATIVE Well abandonment 120,000 20,000per well per well" @default.
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• W1982147887 date "1980-09-21" @default.
• W1982147887 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W1982147887 title "The Impact Of Epa Regulations Under The Safe Drinking Water Act On Underground Natural Gas Storage Operations" @default.
• W1982147887 doi "https://doi.org/10.2118/9393-ms" @default.
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