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- W1982843067 abstract "Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability in the United States, and an elevated low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level is one risk factor. The primary nonpharmacological approach to reducing LDL-cholesterol levels is to restrict dietary saturated fat and cholesterol. Adjunct strategies are frequently superimposed as well. One newer approach is to substitute foods containing plant sterol/stanol esters for conventional foods such as margarines and salad dressings. Daily consumption of 2–3 g of plant sterol/stanol esters has been reported to reduce LDL-cholesterol levels by 9% to 20%, with considerable individual variability. This cholesterol lowering appears additive to that achieved with saturated fat and cholesterol restriction or use of hydroxymethylgluteryl-CoA-reductase inhibitors. The hypocholesterolemic effect of plant sterol/stanol esters is thought to be mediated primarily by decreasing intestinal cholesterol absorption. Few adverse effects have been reported for short- and long-term use of sterol/stanol ester-containing foods. However, declines in plasma carotenoids and tocopherol levels have been reported. The clinical significance of this observation is unknown but needs further evaluation. Plant sterol/stanol ester-containing foods can be used to augment a low-saturated-fat and low-cholesterol diet; however, patients should be cautioned that use beyond the manufacturer-recommended levels will not result in greater LDL-cholesterol lowering. If a patient decides to use plant sterol/stanol ester-containing foods, they should be substituted, not added, to the diet to avoid increasing caloric intake. Additionally, there is no evidence that use of sterol/stanol ester-containing foods in normocholesterolemic individuals will prevent the onset of elevated cholesterol levels." @default.
- W1982843067 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1982843067 date "2000-10-01" @default.
- W1982843067 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
- W1982843067 title "Plant Stanol/Sterol Ester-Containing Foods and Cardiovascular Disease Risk" @default.
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