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- W1983858213 abstract "We review the significant and adverse health effects that can occur with relatively small endogenous hormonal changes in pubertal and adult humans. We discuss the effects of hormonal changes that occur within normal physiologic ranges--such as the rising levels of estrogen in peripuberty, which cause growth spurts at low levels and then the fusion of epiphyses at higher levels--and the hormonal variations during the menstrual cycle and their relation to genital phenotypic changes and intercurrent disease evolution. We turn next to adaptive changes in gonadal and other functions during aging, exercise, stress, starvation, and chronic diseases, which can serve as models for the effects of exogenous, hormonally active compounds. Then we review the states of borderline hormonal imbalances such as subclinical (having few or very mild symptoms, if any) hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, glucose intolerance, and other endocrine conditions. Finally, we review the deleterious systemic effects of gonadal imbalance. Information stemming from clinical observations leads to the concept of no threshold within the endocrine system and thus illustrates the importance of considering low-dose testing for chemicals that interfere with hormonal activity. We also urge attention to more sensitive, less visible end points such as osteoporosis, increased risk for cardiovascular disease, or cognitive changes." @default.
- W1983858213 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W1983858213 creator A5000842973 @default.
- W1983858213 creator A5031537044 @default.
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- W1983858213 date "2001-03-01" @default.
- W1983858213 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
- W1983858213 title "Significant effects of mild endogenous hormonal changes in humans: considerations for low-dose testing." @default.
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- W1983858213 doi "https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.01109s121" @default.
- W1983858213 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1240539" @default.
- W1983858213 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11250802" @default.
- W1983858213 hasPublicationYear "2001" @default.
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