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• W1983932925 abstract "RECENT RESEARCH ON THE TOPIC OF FIREARM INJURY PREvention has evaluated the effect of policies intended to limit access to firearms by individuals who are at increased risk of assaulting someone else. One assumption underlying this approach is that the severity of assault injuries may be decreased if available weapons are less lethal. Another assumption is that preventive strategies targeting persons at high risk may be feasible and effective. The study by Wintemute and colleagues in this issue of THE JOURNAL evaluated the effect of a targeted intervention that was designed to prevent the purchase of handguns by individuals who were determined by screening to be at increased risk for assaulting someone else with a firearm. Specifically, the study evaluated the effect of a California law that prohibits handgun purchases by individuals who had been convicted of violent misdemeanor offenses. The authors compared the subsequent criminal histories of misdemeanants who were permitted to purchase handguns (before the purchase ban tookeffect)withmisdemeanantswhowereprohibited from purchasing handguns. After controlling for other risk factors, Wintemute et al found that the denial policy resulted in a reduction in new arrests for violent or gun offenses. Although the proportion of all firearm injuries in California likely to be prevented by this law may be small, the law may have additive or even synergistic effects when combined with other interventions, such as gun-targeted policing (a targeted intervention) or restrictions on the secondary market for guns (a population-based intervention), assuming that secondary market restrictions will be enacted and evaluated to be effective. By analogy, complementary interventions have been observed to reduce morbidity and mortality from motor vehicle crashes. This reduction in motor vehicle crash mortality has been attributed to a combination of populationbased interventions (eg, safety belts) and interventions targeting high-risk individuals, such as those who drive under the influence of alcohol. A disadvantage of prevention strategies that target highrisk individuals is that those thought to be at low risk may account for much of the morbidity and mortality from a specific cause of injury or illness. Therefore, populationbased strategies are also important, especially when risk factors are difficult to identify by screening because they are occult (substance abuse disorders, for example) or ubiquitous (ownership of guns). In theory, population-based strategies may even be preferable to targeted strategies because their potential effects are not limited to specific individuals and those they may assault. In practice, however, populationbased and targeted strategies are often complementary. Strategies targeting high-risk gun users may be further classified as methods for reducing supply or demand. For example, the intervention evaluated by Wintemute et al reduced the supply of guns to individuals convicted of misdemeanors. This supply-side approach for reducing gun violence is based on the assumption that the timing of gun availability influences the flow of guns into the hands of dangerous persons. Under this assumption, it is simplistic to assume that cutting off the flow of legal handgun purchases merely redirects handgun buyers to the secondary market for guns that are stolen or purchased legally for resale to prohibited buyers. Since about one third of all guns involved in crimes are recovered by law enforcement within 3 years of their first retail purchase, illegal diversion of legally sold guns accounts for a substantial fraction of the guns available in the secondary market. As this supply of guns to the secondary market is curtailed, the availability of guns to dangerous individuals is likely to be restricted, although this hypothesis still awaits scientific testing. Moreover, the supply via this secondary gun pipeline may not have to be stopped completely to deter firearm violence. Since many assaults are situational, spontaneous, or influenced by intoxication, reducing the flow of guns to a trickle may be sufficient to deter many firearm injuries. Supply-side interventions may be complemented by disincentives for dangerous individuals to purchase, own, or carry firearms. As the supply of guns is decreased, the price of guns is likely to increase, affecting demand for guns by those with marginal incomes (such as persons with addictions to illegal drugs). Stiffer sentences for gun use in crime and guntargeted policing may also reduce demand. The premise of gun-targeted policing is that if gun carrying increases the likelihood of arrest, then fewer individuals will carry guns illegally, and if the risk of arrest also deters other dangerous persons from carrying guns, there is less chance of a lethal" @default.
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• W1983932925 date "2001-02-28" @default.
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• W1983932925 title "Complementary Strategies to Prevent Firearm Injury" @default.
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• W1983932925 doi "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.8.1071" @default.
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