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• W1984029296 abstract "Back to table of contents Previous article Next article LetterFull AccessSemantic Dementia in Multilingual PatientsMario F. Mendez, M.D., Ph.D., Samira Saghafi, M.D., and David G. Clark, M.D., Mario F. MendezSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., Ph.D., Samira SaghafiSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., and David G. ClarkSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., Neurobehavior Unit, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare, University of California at Los Angeles, CAPublished Online:1 Aug 2004AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail SIR: Semantic dementia (SD) is a frontotemporal lobar degeneration with progressively impaired word comprehension.1 Semantic dementia seems to progressively damage the semantic system with eventual loss of semantic memory for objects as well as words. The pattern of language loss in multilingual persons can yield information about the separateness of the semantic systems in each language.Case ReportsCase 1. A 71-year-old man experienced a slow, progressive loss of his ability to use and understand Spanish and German. The patient was a language teacher who had been fluent in Spanish and used it daily in his everyday work. He had normal mental status and neurological examinations except for naming and recognizing famous faces. Confrontational naming in English was decreased, and many words such as cuff, lapel, or eyelashes had no meaning to him. The patient had great difficulty understanding even common nouns in Spanish, and he was no longer able to understand any German words. On an aphasia battery, word comprehension was moderately impaired in English and severely impaired in Spanish and German. Words that were comprehended in Spanish or German were not consistently comprehended in English. His magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies showed anterior temporal atrophy, left greater than right.Case 2. A 66-year-old man had a 2-year history of progressive loss of the meaning of words and inability to retrieve words. Although Spanish was his first language, he spoke English at work and knew some Polish as well. His examination was intact except for naming and recognizing famous faces. Confrontational naming in Spanish was impaired, and he could not point to a tie, cuff, buckle, or other common items in the room. He could not name pictures of items and made some semantic errors (e.g., “zero” for “circle”). His performance was worse in English than in Spanish, and his Polish was lost. If he comprehended a word in one language, he did not necessarily comprehend it in the other language. His MRI scan showed left anterior temporal atrophy.CommentIn two multilingual patients with SD, semantic anomia was progressively more impaired in their second and third languages compared to their primary languages. Words named and comprehended in one language were not consistently named and comprehended in other languages that they knew. These findings are compatible with separate lexical semantic systems for each language.Other data support the presence of multiple lexical semantic systems. Many bilingual aphasics recover primarily in one language, and there are reports of dissociations of languages with focal lesions.2,3 In addition, there are specific language lexicons including modality specific (spoken or written), grammar specific (nouns or verbs), and even category specific (e.g., animate versus inanimate).4,5In conclusion, these patients could differentially access word meaning from separate languages. Compared to the first language, subsequent languages are not as strongly conceptually based, and their semantic representations may be more vulnerable to brain disease. These patients suggest impairment of separate semantic systems for different languages in SD.References1 Neary D, Snowden JS, Gustafson L, et al: Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: a consensus on clinical diagnostic criteria. Neurology 1998; 51:1546–1554Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar2 Howard D, Patterson K, Wise R, et al: The cortical localization of the lexicons: positron emission tomography evidence. Brain 1992; 115:1769–1782Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar3 Damasio H, Grabowski TJ, Tranel D, et al: A neural basis for lexical retrieval. Nature 1996; 380:499–505Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar4 Ku A, Lachmann EA, Nagler W: Selective language aphasia from herpes simplex encephalitis. Pediatr Neurol 1996; 15:169–171Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar5 Gomez-Tortosa E, Martin EM, Gaviria M, et al: Selective deficit of one language in a bilingual patient following surgery in the left perisylvian area. Brain Lang 1996; 48:320–325Crossref, Google Scholar FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited ByMultilingualism in semantic dementia: language-dependent lexical retrieval from degraded conceptual representations19 November 2019 | Aphasiology, Vol. 35, No. 2Temporal variant of frontotemporal dementia in C9orf72 repeat expansion carriers: two case studies16 March 2020 | Brain Imaging and Behavior, Vol. 14, No. 2Journal of Neurolinguistics, Vol. 49Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, Vol. 32, No. 4Aging in Bilinguals: Normal and Abnormal5 December 2017Pain Research and Management, Vol. 2017International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, Vol. 51, No. 2Alzheimer’s Dementia From a Bilingual/Bicultural Perspective6 March 2014 | Communication Disorders Quarterly, Vol. 36, No. 1Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, Vol. 33Bilingualism, language, and agingBilingualism and AgingPerspectives on Communication Disorders and Sciences in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CLD) Populations, Vol. 17, No. 3Temporal lobe: Neocortical structuresAnnual Review of Applied Linguistics, Vol. 28Dementia & Neuropsychologia, Vol. 2, No. 4 Volume 16Issue 3 August 2004Pages 381-381 Metrics PDF download History Published online 1 August 2004 Published in print 1 August 2004" @default.
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