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- W1984291749 abstract "Abstract A critical component of waterflood management is the ability to proactively determine the impact of injection rates on the reservoir pressure and the capacity to diagnose injection anomalies. The most reliable means of doing this is through the use of numerical models. However, these models may be expensive to build and difficult to maintain. Therefore, a simpler and less expensive method to forecast the impact of injection rates on reservoir pressures, under various injection and production scenarios, is of immense benefit. The method presented in this paper was developed and used by a team of Engineers managing the Meren field waterflood project to diagnose pressure response anomalies and provide estimates of injection targets to achieve any expected pressure response for the project reservoirs without the use of numerical models. It uses the slopes of the cumulative net voidage curve and the measured change in pressure response to define reservoir specific relationships between injection and pressure response. Case study on application of method for diagnosing pressure response anomalies was presented. Also, example pressure prediction calculations were performed on a project reservoir. These examples clearly establish the method as a valid tool for the early identification of injection anomalies and prediction of reservoir pressure changes. Comparison of actual pressure survey data and those predicted with the analytical model indicated that both were on the same trend. Introduction Waterflooding has proven to be an effective secondary recovery mechanism, where proper selection of the candidate reservoir has been made and sound waterflood project management principles and guidelines are observed. The various conditions that govern oil recovery under waterflooding in heterogeneous reservoir systems are well documented in Petroleum Engineering literature 1–4. Dake 1, noted that these factors are principally, the mobility ratio, the reservoir heterogeneity that controls the twin properties of vertical and areal sweep efficiencies and the effect of gravity. Waterflood management principles 3 include maintaining the designed water quality, maintaining designed target pressure to sustain forecasted production, pattern balancing, effective well surveillance and water injection equipment monitoring. The process presented in this paper was developed from observing the shapes of the cumulative net voidage and pressure response curves in the Meren Waterflood project. Water injection for pressure maintenance started in five reservoirs in 1984 from a 200,000 BWPD capacity seawater processing and injection offshore platform. Meren field consists mainly of deltaic sequence of alternating sand and shale of the agbada geologic complex in the Niger Delta. The reservoirs chosen for waterflood were mainly blocky shoreface sands, with most exhibiting well-defined upward-coarsening trends. Peripheral flood pattern were used for injection in all the reservoirs as the estimated mobility ratios are mostly <1." @default.
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- W1984291749 date "2007-08-06" @default.
- W1984291749 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W1984291749 title "Analytical Method for Diagnosing and Predicting Pressure Response With Injection in Waterflood Reservoirs Using Net Voidage Curve" @default.
- W1984291749 doi "https://doi.org/10.2118/111921-ms" @default.
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