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- W1984300752 abstract "In Brief The human respiratory system has a remarkable ability to adapt to many different environmental demands. Recently, recreational sports have pushed the limits of adaptive physiology. Traveling to high altitude (low pressure) is now common and many adaptive physiological mechanisms have been defined. Altitude-related clinical syndromes develop when environmental conditions exceed the ability to adapt. Acute mountain sickness is a frequent occurrence in high-altitude travel and is usually self-limited. High-altitude pulmonary edema and high-altitude cerebral edema are much less commonly encountered and can cause significant morbidity and even mortality. A variety of medications exist to prevent and treat these conditions, but descent to lower altitudes remains the mainstay of therapy. Similarly, the study of breathhold divers has led to a greater understanding of physiological adaptations at high pressure. An important mechanism of lung compression with increased pressure is achieved through central shunting of peripheral blood flow. The increased pulmonary blood flow then allows for greater alveolar gas exchange, which has important implications for duration of breathhold and, indirectly, depth of dive achievable. Finally, the study of breathhold divers, particularly elite divers, has improved our understanding of respiratory drive and provided significant evidence that a diving reflex exists in humans. The authors review the physiological mechanisms that allow the respiratory system to adapt to extreme alterations in atmospheric pressure." @default.
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- W1984300752 date "2006-09-01" @default.
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- W1984300752 title "Respiratory Physiology in Extreme Environments" @default.
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