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- W1984720011 abstract "It is estimated that approximately 10% of congenital structural anomalies are the result of the adverse effect of environmental factors on prenatal development [ [1] Rl Brent The cause and prevention of human birth defects: what have we learned in the past 50 years?. Congenit Anom (Kyoto). 2001; 41: 3-21 Crossref Scopus (3) Google Scholar ]. This means that approximately 1 in 250 newborn infants have structural defects caused by an environmental exposure and, presumably, a larger number of children have growth retardation or functional abnormalities resulting from nongenetic causes, in other words, from the effects of teratogens. A teratogen is defined as any environmental factor that can produce a permanent abnormality in structure or function, restriction of growth, or death of the embryo or fetus. These factors comprise medications, drugs, chemicals, and maternal conditions or diseases, including infections (Table 1). The term is used more commonly, however, to refer only to medications, drugs, and chemicals and, less frequently to maternal conditions or diseases that may be associated with birth defects in the offspring. This review uses the term in its widest connotation." @default.
- W1984720011 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W1984720011 creator A5016648260 @default.
- W1984720011 creator A5022529650 @default.
- W1984720011 date "2008-09-01" @default.
- W1984720011 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W1984720011 title "Human Teratogens: Current Controversies" @default.
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