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- W1984940312 abstract "The catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine (or adrenaline and noradrenaline, as they are called in the United Kingdom) are hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla. In addition, norepinephrine is the principal neurotransmitter released at sympathetic nerve endings, and both norepinephrine and dopamine probably function as neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. Although there has been great interest in elucidating the structure and metabolism of these biologically active catecholamines, several misconceptions about catecholamine structure and biosynthesis persist in current textbooks and references. One subject of confusion is the configuration of the catecholamines. In 1903, even before the structure of epinephrine was definitively determined, Pauly discovered that epinephrine contained an asymmetric carbon atom, and that the naturally occurring isomer of epinephrine was levoratatory [I]. After d,l-epinephrine had been synthesized, and its optical isomers resolved, Cushny showed that the naturally occurring I-epinephrine had much greater biological activity than did the disomer [2]. In 1946, when Euler isolated norepinephrine from sympathetic nerves [3], he did not have enough material to determine its optical activity. It was only after Tullar developed methods for resolving the isomers of norepinephrine [4] that it was possible to determine that the naturally occurring norepinephrine was also the f-isomer [5]. At that time, d,lnorepinephrine was commonly known as arterenol, and I-norepinephrine became known as levarterenol. It is perhaps not surprising that the common designation of the catecholamines as Z-isomers led to the unwarranted conclusion that these compounds were of the L-configuration. However, Pratesi et al. have shown, by a series of chemical transformations, that both I-epinephrine [6] and l-norepinephrine [7] have configurations analogous to that of D-mandelic acid. Therefore, if the" @default.
- W1984940312 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1984940312 date "1979-05-01" @default.
- W1984940312 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W1984940312 title "Common confusions concerning catecholamines" @default.
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- W1984940312 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0968-0004(79)90387-6" @default.
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