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- W1985389640 abstract "The notion that the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) has a central, as well as a local action, is examined. Although the IUCD undoubtedly has a local action, certain IUCD related side effects, e.g. galactorrhoea, bloating and premenstrual syndrome and inadequate luteal function can be explained if the IUCD has some central action. The powerful postcoital anti-fertility effect of both copper-bearing and plain plastic IUCDs probably also depends to some extent on a central action. The central action of the IUCD is probably due to initiation of reflex hypothalamic activity following intrauterine reflex stimulation. The hypothalamic response to IUCD insertion consists of release of beta-endorphin accompanied by raised levels of prolactin, vasopressin and oxytocin.The possibility that the IUD may have a central as well as a local action in humans was examined. For the IUD to have a central contraceptive action, it is necessary to produce evidence that IUD insertion and use interferes with the hypothalamo-pituitary ovarian axis. Biochemical studies have found that women using an IUD tended to have a shorter luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The deficient luteal phase was presumed to be the result of inadequate luteal function as evidenced by reduced progesterone levels. In a study by Haukkamaa et al., the investigators found an increased incidence of anovular cycles as well as deficient corpus luteal function. All possible side effects of the IUD, including weight gain, bloating, cycle shortening, and postcoital contraceptive effect, can be explained by the central hypothalamic effect of the IUD, leading to increased beta-endorphin production." @default.
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- W1985389640 date "1987-06-01" @default.
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- W1985389640 title "Do plain plastic and copper bearing intrauterine contraceptive devices have a central mechanism of action?" @default.
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- W1985389640 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-9877(87)90147-2" @default.
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