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- W1985629113 abstract "1. INTRODUCTIONIN THE SIXTH CENTURY C.E. when Arabic reached its full development with appearance of literary poetry, Jewish communities flourished throughout Arabian Peninsula. As an integral part of Arab society and culture, Jewish tribes had distinguished poets.1 When Islam became dominant faith and defining legal and social framework in seventh century, Jews were well acquainted with emerging Islamic culture and deeply influenced by it. Arab Jews had an intimate knowledge of Our an and its source texts and they played an active role in shaping medieval Arab Muslim civilization. Throughout lands conquered by Arabs, Jews adopted Arabic as their language; they often preferred writing in Arabic to Hebrew, even when dealing with most sacred matters of Judaism. From ninth century Judeo-Arabic literature flourished-texts in Jewish dialects of vernacular Arabic that combined Hebrew and Aramaic lexical items with Arabic and which were generally written in Hebrew script. Being thoroughly Arabized, Jews used not only Hebrew but also Arabic for liturgical purposes, such as for hymns and religious ceremonies. From mid-tenth to mid-thirteenth centuries, Jewish culture in al-Andalus (Muslim Spain) had closest connections with Arab Islamic culture through direct translation, imitation, adaptation, and borrowing. There was an elite class of Jewish courtiers and officials who were as polished in Arabic language, literature, and culture as they were learned in Hebrew and Jewish religious tradition. Jews in medieval al-Andalus became so integrated into Arab culture that some were able to achieve widespread recognition for their poetry in standard literary Arabic (fusha).Afterward, and until modern times, role of Jews in canonical Arabic literature was limited, but their integration into Arab society and culture was hardly in doubt. Therefore, fresh burst of Jewish creativity in standard literary Arabic during twentieth century was by no means a surprise. Modern Judeao-Arabic culture should be viewed not only against background of Jewish symbiosis with medieval Arab Muslim culture but also in light of modernization in Middle East and North Africa from second half of nineteenth century. Modernization, and social, political, and economic transformations associated with it, should not be referred to as a mere change but rather as the transformation of society.2 The Jewish communities in Arab world shared in that transformation and sometimes played a role in effecting it.3In modern times, nowhere were Jews more open to wider Arab culture or more at home in standard literary Arabic than in Iraq. However, from late 1940s, Arab Jewish culture underwent a process of marginalization and negligence within both Muslim Arab and Jewish Hebrew cultural systems, and declined sharply. The Muslim Arab and Jewish Zionist canonical cultural and national systems, each from their own particularist considerations, have generally rejected legitimacy of Arab Jewish hybridity. For example, Isra'iliyyat, a term used by classical Muslim authors to denote material ascribed to Jews (Banu Isra'il), became during twentieth a flash point for charges of Jewish, or Zionist, religio-cultural infiltration.4 Yet until twentieth century Arabness referred principally to a common shared culture and language. In formative period of Islamic civilization Muslim scholars recognized that Jewish Scripture and lore deeply penetrated their own tradition and debated potential impact of this borrowing.5 Modern Western intellectual discourse has selectively highlighted Judeo-Christian cultural heritage, although for half a millennium creative centers of Jewish life were to be found primarily under Islam, so that to speak of a Judeo-Muslim heritage is historically no less justified.6This article focuses on emergence and decline of modern Iraqi Jewish literary culture. …" @default.
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- W1985629113 date "2008-01-01" @default.
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- W1985629113 title "''My Adherence to the Creed of Moses Has Not Diminished My Love for Muhammad's Nation'': The Emergence and Demise of Iraqi Jewish Literary Modern Culture" @default.
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- W1985629113 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2008.0010" @default.
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