FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W1985814305> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W1985814305 abstract "1. Introduction Catalysts enable molecular transformations to be carried out, while mitigating the inputs of thermal energy and other resources (in many cases solvents), and simultaneously curb the creation of residues that require later environmental disposal. A photocatalyst is a material that is able to harvest photons from light (ideally sunlight) and convert them to useful chemical energy, for which there are various green applications. Photocatalytic water splitting is the dissociation of water into its component elements, hydrogen and oxygen, to form [H.sub.2] and [O.sub.2], driven by the energy from light [Eqn (1)]. [H.sub.2] is one of the principally sought (1), in which energy from sunlight might be stored, thus overcoming the issue of inconstant supply, which is an implicit limitation to renewable energy sources such as solar-power or windpower. Since water is a cheap and renewable resource, it appears very attractive as a solar fuel precursor, requiring only a suitable photocatalyst to accomplish the task. Capturing sunlight and converting it to chemical fuels is sometimes referred to as artificial photosynthesis (Figure 1). In principle, solar fuels might provide an alternative to the fossil fuels, serving the dual purpose of reducing carbon emissions and conserving declining fossil resources (2): conventional crude oil production is expected to peak imminently, while the production of both (2) natural gas and coal is expected to peak around 2020. An independent analysis concludes that 90% of the world's reserves of coal will be used-up by the year 2070 (3). [FIGURE 1 OMITTED] Water is most efficiently split using sunlight, on a semiconductor surface, Eqn (1). 2[H.sub.2]O + hv [right arrow] 2[H.sub.2]+ [O.sub.2] (1) An electric potential difference of at least 1.23 V is required to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Typically, a cathodic overpotential of 100 mV and an anodic overpotential of 200 mV are also necessary, meaning that a band gap of at least 1.53 eV is required for splitting water (4,5). As the band gap increases, the fraction of the solar spectrum the semiconductor can absorb decreases (6). Appropriate energetic requirements must also be met, in terms of the valence and conduction band edges at the solution interface, since the energy bands must encompass the potentials at which the following half-reactions occur: 2[H.sup.+] + 2[e.sup.-] [right arrow] [H.sub.2] -0.56 V (vs Ag/AgC1) (2) 2[H.sub.2]O [right arrow] [O.sub.2] + 4[e.sup.-] + 4[H.sup.+] +0.67 V (vs Ag/AgC1) (3) In fact, the potentials associated with Eqns (2) and (3) will vary according to the Nernstian dependence on solution pH, and those values given above are for an electrolyte at pH = 6. Semiconductors in which the majority of charge carriers are electrons are classified as n-type, whereas those in which the majority of charge carriers are holes are designated as p-type (5). The evolution of [O.sub.2] occurs on the surface of p-type materials while the evolution of [H.sub.2] occurs on the surface of n-type materials. To make a preliminary characterisation of semiconductors, open circuit potential measurements, photocurrent measurements, and Mott-Schottky analysis are applied (5). The Fermi level of the material, which for n-type materials lies just below the conduction band, and for p-type materials lies slightly above the valence band, must be factored-in when estimating the location of the band edges (5). Titanium dioxide (Ti[O.sub.2]) is one semiconductor which has an appropriate band structure to function as a photocatalyst for water splitting but, because of its relatively positive conduction band, the driving force for [H.sub.2] production is weak. The rate of [H.sub.2] production is enhanced when a co-catalyst such as Pt is introduced, and it is a common practice to add co-catalysts to accelerate [H.sub.2] evolution in photocatalytic systems, in consequence of the conduction band placement. …" @default.
• W1985814305 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1985814305 creator A5034042548 @default.
• W1985814305 date "2013-09-01" @default.
• W1985814305 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1985814305 title "Novel Catalysts for Water Splitting and Green Chemistry Applications" @default.
• W1985814305 cites W1976204697 @default.
• W1985814305 cites W1988147098 @default.
• W1985814305 cites W1989500990 @default.
• W1985814305 cites W1995264890 @default.
• W1985814305 cites W1995877677 @default.
• W1985814305 cites W2002231899 @default.
• W1985814305 cites W2003676487 @default.
• W1985814305 cites W2011685920 @default.
• W1985814305 cites W2029977971 @default.
• W1985814305 cites W2037674962 @default.
• W1985814305 cites W2039475059 @default.
• W1985814305 cites W2061432774 @default.
• W1985814305 cites W2065124355 @default.
• W1985814305 cites W2073422424 @default.
• W1985814305 cites W2077718604 @default.
• W1985814305 cites W2084076310 @default.
• W1985814305 cites W2098662102 @default.
• W1985814305 cites W2128316866 @default.
• W1985814305 cites W2131741841 @default.
• W1985814305 cites W2141500928 @default.
• W1985814305 cites W2315533395 @default.
• W1985814305 cites W2325225206 @default.
• W1985814305 cites W4241456496 @default.
• W1985814305 doi "https://doi.org/10.3184/003685013x13742175329073" @default.
• W1985814305 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24244973" @default.
• W1985814305 hasPublicationYear "2013" @default.
• W1985814305 type Work @default.
• W1985814305 sameAs 1985814305 @default.
• W1985814305 citedByCount "4" @default.
• W1985814305 countsByYear W19858143052014 @default.
• W1985814305 countsByYear W19858143052015 @default.
• W1985814305 countsByYear W19858143052018 @default.
• W1985814305 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W1985814305 hasAuthorship W1985814305A5034042548 @default.
• W1985814305 hasConcept C107872376 @default.
• W1985814305 hasConcept C161790260 @default.
• W1985814305 hasConcept C171250308 @default.
• W1985814305 hasConcept C185592680 @default.
• W1985814305 hasConcept C192562407 @default.
• W1985814305 hasConcept C2993054902 @default.
• W1985814305 hasConcept C35590869 @default.
• W1985814305 hasConcept C55493867 @default.
• W1985814305 hasConcept C65165184 @default.
• W1985814305 hasConceptScore W1985814305C107872376 @default.
• W1985814305 hasConceptScore W1985814305C161790260 @default.
• W1985814305 hasConceptScore W1985814305C171250308 @default.
• W1985814305 hasConceptScore W1985814305C185592680 @default.
• W1985814305 hasConceptScore W1985814305C192562407 @default.
• W1985814305 hasConceptScore W1985814305C2993054902 @default.
• W1985814305 hasConceptScore W1985814305C35590869 @default.
• W1985814305 hasConceptScore W1985814305C55493867 @default.
• W1985814305 hasConceptScore W1985814305C65165184 @default.
• W1985814305 hasLocation W19858143051 @default.
• W1985814305 hasLocation W19858143052 @default.
• W1985814305 hasOpenAccess W1985814305 @default.
• W1985814305 hasPrimaryLocation W19858143051 @default.
• W1985814305 hasRelatedWork W2097156402 @default.
• W1985814305 hasRelatedWork W2471543070 @default.
• W1985814305 hasRelatedWork W2746835856 @default.
• W1985814305 hasRelatedWork W3008346337 @default.
• W1985814305 hasRelatedWork W3138381558 @default.
• W1985814305 hasRelatedWork W4237817869 @default.
• W1985814305 hasRelatedWork W4244612608 @default.
• W1985814305 hasRelatedWork W4289917432 @default.
• W1985814305 hasRelatedWork W2200123902 @default.
• W1985814305 hasRelatedWork W2778153218 @default.
• W1985814305 isParatext "false" @default.
• W1985814305 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W1985814305 magId "1985814305" @default.
• W1985814305 workType "article" @default.