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• W1986103313 abstract "Experimental evaluation of drift and nonlinearities in lithium niobate interferometric modulatorsG. E. Betts and L. M. JohnsonLincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lexington, Massachusetts 02173-00731 .0 IntroductionThis paper presents quantitative measurements of two nonideal characteristics of lithium niobate integrated optical devices: nonlinear electrooptic phase modulation and the photo- refractive effect. These effects can occur in any lithium niobate channel-waveguide phase modulator or passive channel wavequide, and may affect the performance of any device that uses these basic buildinq blocks. The measurements described in this paper were performed by means of an integrated-optical Mach-Zehnder interferometer which consists of passive channel waveguides and phase modulators. We have measured a quadratic term in the phase shift vs voltaqe relation for electrooptic phase modulation. We have also measured the pho- torefractive effect at wavelengths of 0.85, 1.06, and 1.3 urn, using y- and z-propagation. We evaluate both photovoltaic and photoconductive effects, and qive estimates for the con­ stants in a simple model that describes the photorefractive effect.2.0 Measurement of nonlinear electrooptic modulationExperiments to measure nonlinear phase modulation in channel-waveguide phase modulators were performed by means of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. A schematic illustration of a Mach-Zehnder interferometric modulator is shown in Fig. 1. The optical power POut the modulator is given asPout = Pin{f i + fz + 2/fifz cos[ 0 + 6(v)]where 6(v) is the voltage-dependent phase difference between the two arms of device, 4» o is a constant phase-difference bias and fi,fz are the fractions of optical power transmitted through each arm (including both Y-branches) . For a perfectly balanced interferometer (fi=fz=0.25) with a phase bias of o = n/2, this reduces to POut =Pin{0.5 - 0.5 sin[6(v)] Normally it is assumed that 6(V) varies linearly with appliedelectrode voltaqe. In reality 6(v) can also have nonlinear components and be written as" @default.
• W1986103313 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1986103313 date "1988-03-10" @default.
• W1986103313 modified "2023-10-05" @default.
• W1986103313 title "Experimental Evaluation Of Drift And Nonlinearities In Lithium Niobate Interferometric Modulators" @default.
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• W1986103313 doi "https://doi.org/10.1117/12.942348" @default.
• W1986103313 hasPublicationYear "1988" @default.
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