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• W1986657736 abstract "Abstract In 2008 deepwater drilling marked a decade of operation in the Nile Delta region of the East Mediterranean Sea. The operating water depths ranged from 200 m to ultra deepwaters greater than 2600 m. The Nile Delta region has been no exception to the challenges of shallow gas and water-flow hazards observed in many of the deepwater projects of the world (Furlow 1998; Alberty 1998). An obvious consequence of an unexpected, shallow-fluid flow is an uncontrolled blowout situation with no drilling control equipment in place. In some reported cases, even after the flow was controlled before running casing, fluid flow occurred after cementing the surface pipe. Incidentally, this phenomenon is not only limited to deepwater operations in Egypt; similar blowout situations can be observed anywhere in the offshore Nile Delta. This paper reviews two recent examples of shallow flows that occurred in the surface holes of two different wells. Each operation cost the operator between 1.5 and 4 million dollars to address the problem. Alternatively, several examples are also provided that illustrate how understanding the flow mechanism, predicting its occurrence, taking necessary precautions while drilling, and designing cement slurries suitable for deepwater cementing have resolved the issue. Proper well preparation, correct mud design, and foamed cementing have been effective solutions. Additionally, advances made in cementing designs for deepwater situations with low margins between pore pressure and fracture gradient, cool seabed temperatures, and unpredictable shallow flows, each working adversely on the slurry design, are discussed to help deliver safe and competent wellbores. Background—Nile Delta Marine Prospect Overview The deepwater extension of the ancient Nile Delta has been divided into six major operating licenses granted by the Egyptian government (Fig. 1). The total acreage available for exploration and development activity exceeds 40,000 km2. This paper primarily focuses on the surface casing cementing experiences gained throughout these blocks. The production zones targeted in the Nile Delta marine are primarily the gas-bearing reservoirs of Pliocene age and the deeper Miocene plays. As in other parts of the world, including the Gulf of Mexico and offshore West Africa, the Nile Delta deepwater region also has problems associated with shallow gas and water flows (SWF). Failure to take proper precautions when drilling and cementing the surface strings can lead to severe consequences, including loss of the well when the wellhead is undermined by the flow. One of the difficult factors in evaluating SWF is that it might not occur during the drilling or cementing operations, but can occur hours after the cement job when the column of cement is no longer able to transmit hydrostatic pressure on the formation. This can allow the water or gas to make its way through the cement column to the surface. To date, the shallow flows observed in the marine delta have not resulted in any direct, severe loss of capital, unlike in other areas where loss of well and loss of template have been reported (Eaten 1999; Alberty et al. 1999). Although shallow flows have not caused a safety threat to the environment, personnel, or equipment, they have contributed to nonproductive time in drilling operations and have caused uncertainty regarding well completion." @default.
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• W1986657736 date "2009-03-15" @default.
• W1986657736 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1986657736 title "Successful Mitigation of Deepwater Shallow Flows in the East Mediterranean Region- Case Histories" @default.
• W1986657736 doi "https://doi.org/10.2118/120399-ms" @default.
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