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- W1987236088 abstract "Previous reports indicate that VIP and the structurally related peptide PACAP, inhibit IL-2 and IL-10 production in antigen-stimulated T lymphocytes. Intracellular cAMP elevation appears to be the primary transduction pathway involved. However, in the lower concentration range, an additional, cAMP-independent transduction pathway appears to mediate the VIP inhibition of cytokine production. Here, we address this question by using VIP agonists and antagonists which act through cAMP-dependent and -independent pathways. The antagonists based on the neurotensin-VIP hybrid molecule did not affect the inhibitory effect of VIP/PACAP on IL-2 and IL-10 production, confirming that astrocytes and T lymphocytes express different receptors. A lipophilic antagonist with increased membrane permeability, partially reversed the inhibitory effect of VIP/PACAP, forskolin, prostaglandin E2, and 8-bromo-cAMP without significantly affecting cAMP levels, suggesting that it acts downstream of cAMP. Two VIP agonists inhibit IL-2 and IL-10 production. One of the agonists increases cAMP, whereas the second one does not induce cAMP/cGMP. Our results indicate that VIP inhibits cytokine production in stimulated CD4+ T cells through two separate mechanisms, which involve both cAMP-dependent and cAMP-independent transduction pathways." @default.
- W1987236088 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1987236088 date "1999-10-01" @default.
- W1987236088 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W1987236088 title "Vasoactive intestinal peptide inhibits cytokine production in T lymphocytes through cAMP-dependent and cAMP-independent mechanisms" @default.
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- W1987236088 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-0115(99)00068-3" @default.
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