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• W1987316304 endingPage "14" @default.
• W1987316304 startingPage "2" @default.
• W1987316304 abstract "Approximately 6600 cases and 350 deaths due to testicular cancer are expected in the United States during 1994.1 This uncommon group of tumors accounts for approximately 1% of all cancers in male subjects. The incidence of this disease appears to be rising in the United States as well as in various parts of Europe. 2 Nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) include embryonal carcinoma, teratoma, yolk sac tumors, and choriocarcinoma, each alone or in various combinations. Tumors containing seminomatous and nonseminomatous elements are categorized and managed as nonseminoma. Approximately 40% of patients with NSGCT will present with tumor confined to the testis (Stage I), 40% with Stage II, and 20% with Stage III. 2 Five year survival for testicular cancer has increased dramatically over the past 30 years from 63% in the 1960s to over 90% at the present time. I This spectacular improvement is commonly attributed to the appropriate integration of effective cisplatin-based chemotherapy and surgery, and, with the advent of computed tomographic (CT) scans and reliable serum tumor markers, which are refined clinical staging modalities. 3 Given the high probability of cure now possible, research has currently focused on individualizing therapy for specific patients so that survival is not compromised, morbidity is minimized, and quality of life is maintained. The cornerstone of this approach is the ability to predict reliably an individual patient's prognosis. 4'5 There is no controversy regarding the role of an inguinal orchiectomy in the treatment of germ cell tumor (GCT) of the testis. This procedure provides histopathologic diagnosis and P categorization; is associated with minimal morbidity, small functional sacrifice, and no mortality; and provides local control of the neoplasm with virtual 100% effectiveness, the rare exceptions being largely due to prior ipsilateral scrotal surgery or suboptimal orchiectomy. Furthermore, a subset of patients may be cured by orchiectomy alone. 6 The basis for further treatment following a radical orchiectomy is necessarily dependent on the histologic nature of the primary tumor, the natural history of the disease, the accuracy of clinical staging, and the existence of therapeutic alternatives. 6" @default.
• W1987316304 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1987316304 creator A5008235255 @default.
• W1987316304 date "1994-07-01" @default.
• W1987316304 modified "2023-10-09" @default.
• W1987316304 title "Nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis: Current concepts and controversies" @default.
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