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• W198748091 abstract "Abstract. This paper proposes a bottom-up approach tomodel spa-tial systems for urban dynamic and territorial management. Such ap-proaches calledmicro-modelling have startedwiththeuse o f cellularautomata where local rules are dened and allow to implement somesimulations, describing mainly dynamical diffusion proce sses overspatial grids. Our purpose istodeal withthe detection of so me emer-gent organizations during the simulation, using an implici t control,based on the use of genetic automata population. This automa ta pop-ulation evolves by a swarm co-evolution, optimizing a tnes s func-tion which leads to an automatic emergence of dynamic commun i-ties. 1 SPATIAL SYSTEMEMERGENCEMODELLING1.1 From Top-down to Bottom-up approches Spatial systems modelling for urban dynamic or territorial man-agement has been developped since few decades and can beclassify in two main categories [2]. The rst one is based on m acro-modellingcorresponding toatop-down approach andtheseco nd oneisbasedonmicro-modellingcorresponding toabottom-upap proach.The rst approach category concerns mainly “stocks and ows ”descriptions of socio-economic indicators. Ones of the mai n rstcontributors generally mentionned, are I.S.Lowry [22] and then toJ.W. Forrester [12]. Lowry's model of urban system, applied to thecity of Pittsburg, proposed some “integrated” model, deni ng owchart between the three main indicator classes: (i) the basi c sectorof industrial and business activities, (ii) the householde r sector and(iii) the retail sector concerning the local population. Th is owchart model already deals with a mile-square decomposition similarto spatial decomposition used later as an adaptation of cell ularautomata grid to geographical real space. The nal output of themodeling process leads to a kind of socio-economic equilibr iumstate. This approach nds its limit because of its static des criptionand dynamical models are essantial to understand the city ev olution.Forresterproposed adynamical modelingbasedontheapplic ationofindustrial dynamics on urban dynamics. His model is based on nonspatial stocks and ows models. Stocks are exchanged within a threeincome levels decomposition over housing, jobs and populat ion.Thismodel based onsimple urban description was aimedtogen erate" @default.
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• W198748091 date "2008-04-01" @default.
• W198748091 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
• W198748091 title "Adaptive Spatial System Emergence from Community Swarm Optimization" @default.
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