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- W1987644807 abstract "Barium ions are well suited for tracing out magnetic field lines, because they resonantly scatter sunlight in several visible wavelengths and because ions are constrained to spiral about magnetic field lines while traveling freely parallel to the field. By use of high explosive shaped charges with hollow conical liners of barium metal, detonated above 500-km altitude, jets of barium plasma with a range of initial velocity of 8 to 20 km/sec have been created. Since escape velocity is approximately 10 km/sec, significant amounts of plasma can traverse the entire lengths of geomagnetic field lines and be tracked with optical devices. In transit the ions have a small cross field drift due to ▽B, curvature, gravity, and Coriolis forces. However, the drift due to perpendicular E fields is important. Three experiments on L = 1.24 flux tubes have been successful in tracing an entire field line some 7000 km to the conjugate ionosphere. On two of the experiments the electric fields perpendicular to B were found to be exactly conjugate, indicating that the field lines were equipotentials. On the third, however, the E fields at the two ends of a field line differed significantly in magnitude and direction. We conclude that there must have been only poor or no coupling between conjugate ionospheres and that the field lines could not have been equipotentials. These experiments have also demonstrated how poorly most of the available theoretical field models fit the observations. Three models, the Pogo 8/69, Pogo 10/68, and Ogo 2,4,6. fitted the data well, but only when the secular variation epoch was used as a parameter and was computed for an epoch nearly 7 years before the experimental epoch." @default.
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- W1987644807 date "1974-01-01" @default.
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- W1987644807 title "L = 1.24 conjugate magnetic field line tracing experiments with barium shaped charges" @default.
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- W1987644807 doi "https://doi.org/10.1029/ja079i001p00159" @default.
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