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• W1987780033 abstract "For the efficient opening of cotton the compressed material from the bale requires to be broken into small portions and loosened as much as possible with the minimum amount of mechanical treatment. An experimental method is described by which to assess the extent of this ‘breaking’ and ‘loosening’. A representative set of tufts of cotton is collected at different stages of the processing, and each tuft is weighed and its ‘tlotation velocity’ measured in a vertical wind tunnel through which an upward stream of air is drawn and adjusted in velocity until the tuft neither rises nor falls. From the weight of the tufts in any set a measure is obtained, by means of a special method of statistical analysis, of the ‘breaking’ action of the machine, and in a similar manner a measure of the 'loosening' action is deduced from the weights and flotation velocities, the ‘opening’ action thus being analysed into a ‘breaking’ and a ‘loosening’. Two kinds of cotton were used In the experiments, Memphis and Indian, and for the latter the cleaning also was measured at each stage. Two combinations of machines were employed the one including a Crighton opener, dust trunks and exhaust opener, and the other a Buckley cylinder, a three-bladed beater opener, and finisher scutcher. In the former combination various kinds of beaters were used on the final machines. The experiments show that the dust trunks and exhaust opener back cylinder had a deleterious effect on the opening and diminished to some extent the efficiency of the subsequent macrunes. The Buckley combination, which does not contain dust trunks, was more efficient than the exhaust combination. The Crighton opener was effective only with the Indian cotton. Beaters of the striker or porcupine type were found to be more effective than bladed beaters. The cleaning ran parallel with the opening, a large step in opening being associated with good cleaning and a small or retrograde step with poor cleaning. The experiments afford evidence that the beaters produce a separation of cotton and trash followed by a subsequent re-combination, which is specially marked at the Crighton, dust trunks and exhaust opener back cylinder. The investigation reveals the two characteristic defects of existing machines, namely, the imperfect opening produced, resulting in very incomplete separation of lint and trash, and the failure to maintain, during the subsequent pneumatic transport and mechanical processing, such separation as is produced. In the main, this re-combination of lint and trash is a defect of the pneumatic arrangements, whilst the imperfect opening is due to unsuitable feeding and beating devices." @default.
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• W1987780033 date "1955-03-01" @default.
• W1987780033 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W1987780033 title "9—An Aerodynamical Study of the Opening and Cleaning of Cotton by Existing Machinery" @default.
• W1987780033 doi "https://doi.org/10.1080/19447027.1955.10750306" @default.
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