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- W1988855181 abstract "The equilibrium of hydrolytic reactions can be shifted toward condensation by carrying out the reaction at low water concentration. The rate and yield of urease-catalyzed urea synthesis from (NH4)2CO3 or NH4HCO3 has been examined as a function of water concentration (in mixtures with organic solvents), substrate and H+ concentration, and polarity of the nonaqueous component of the solvent. Similar effects of organic solvents are observed on the reaction rate in both directions; the results suggest that at least in some conditions the reaction proceeds through nonenzymically formed carbamate. The equilibrium concentration of urea, in 50% (vv) water, varies over 10-fold, depending on the nature of the nonaqueous component of the solvent; nonhydroxylic solvents such as acetone given the highest yield. Solubility measurements suggest that the interactions of the solvent mixtures with (NH4)2CO3 (or carbamate), rather than urea, are responsible for the variations in urea yield. Activities of water and the ionic components of the equilibrium are strongly influenced by the nature of the nonaqueous component of the solvent, as well as its concentration." @default.
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- W1988855181 date "1977-01-01" @default.
- W1988855181 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W1988855181 title "Urease-catalyzed urea synthesis" @default.
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- W1988855181 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(77)90169-2" @default.
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