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• W1988882261 endingPage "548" @default.
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• W1988882261 abstract "Many components of the immune system exhibit adverse change after prolonged, intense exertion. During this open window of impaired immunity (which may last 3-72 h, depending on the immune measure), viruses and bacteria may gain a foothold, increasing the risk for subclinical and clinical infection. The influence of nutritional supplements, primarily zinc, vitamin C, glutamine, and carbohydrate, on the acute immune response to prolonged exercise has been measured in endurance athletes. Vitamin C and glutamine have received much attention, but the data thus far are inconclusive. The most impressive results have been reported with carbohydrate supplementation. Carbohydrate beverage ingestion has been associated with increased plasma glucose levels, an attenuated cortisol and growth hormone response, fewer perturbations in blood immune cell counts, decreased granulocyte and monocyte phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity, and a diminished pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine response. Overall these data indicate that the physiologic stress to the immune system is reduced when endurance athletes use carbohydrate beverages before, during, and after prolonged and intense exertion. The clinical significance of these carbohydrate-induced effects on the endocrine and immune systems awaits further research." @default.
• W1988882261 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1988882261 creator A5034319272 @default.
• W1988882261 date "1999-07-01" @default.
• W1988882261 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W1988882261 title "NUTRITION, EXERCISE, AND IMMUNE SYSTEM FUNCTION" @default.
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• W1988882261 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0278-5919(05)70167-8" @default.
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