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• W1989226504 abstract "Currently available versatile aerosol concentration enrichment systems (VACES) have proven useful for providing elevated levels of ambient particulate matter to human and animal exposures, as well as for the collection of particles in aqueous solutions for in vitro studies. Previous studies have demonstrated that such systems do not significantly alter the physical or chemical properties of the particles. The current VACES configuration consumes significant electrical power for pumping and cooling, and requires attended operation by expert operators. A recent application of the VACES has been to provide a concentrated aerosol stream to continuous particle mass spectrometers in order to increase the spectrometer's hit rate or sensitivity. These instruments usually require low intake flow rates (<1l/min) and often sample unattended, 24 h per day. In order to better meet the requirements of these instruments, a new “mini-VACES” (m-VACES) system with a lower intake flow rate (30 l/min), a lower minor flow rate (1–1.5 l/min) and allowing for more automated operation was designed, built, and tested. The system is a scaled down version of the current VACES design, with many important design improvements. Humidification of the air stream is achieved with a re-designed saturator consisting of a heated, moist absorbent material surrounding the intake flow. Cooling to achieve super saturation, and thus particle growth, is accomplished using a commercially available, solid-state, thermo-electric chiller. Once grown, the aerosol is concentrated using a new, smaller virtual impactor. Particles are then dried to their original size using a diffusion dryer filled with silica gel. Results of the laboratory evaluation include close to predicted enrichment factors for laboratory-generated particles of different composition (ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, adipic acid) as well as ambient aerosols. Particle size distributions measured by an SMPS before and after enrichment and drying show that particle size distributions are not altered. An APS provided data on the size distribution of particles after growth and concentration, but before drying. Filter based and continuous field experiments in which concentrated aerosol was compared to ambient outdoor levels also showed close to predicted enrichment factors for PM2.5 mass and black carbon, with no significant alteration of the particle size distribution." @default.
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• W1989226504 date "2005-08-01" @default.
• W1989226504 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W1989226504 title "A new compact aerosol concentrator for use in conjunction with low flow-rate continuous aerosol instrumentation" @default.
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• W1989226504 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.11.015" @default.
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