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- W1989666420 abstract "The rate of growth of an animal offers an excellent index for the determination of the effect of certain experimental conditions. In his book on Animal Aggregations, Allee ('3I) has devoted two chapters to the problem of the effects of crowding on growth, in which he covers very completely the literature dealing with both the beneficial and harmful effects. It may be well to review here briefly papers dealing with fish and amphibia. Bilski ('2i) reported experiments with different numbers of Bufo larvae in like-sized aquaria, and with the same number of larvae in different sized vessels. With decreasing volume per animal, he found that there were descending averages of weight increase. The same author in a 1926 paper concluded that there was a greater regeneration of amputated tails of Rana esculenta with decreased volume per animal. Goetsch ('24), experimenting on Hydra, Planiaria, and amphibian larvae, found that while with the two less active forms, food or the concentration of excretory products played the most important r6le, with the amphibia, if food was controlled, the retarding factor seemed to be overstimulation due to confinement in a small space. Church ('27) and Shaw ('29), in investigating the effect of homotypic conditioning on the rate of growth in fishes, found that when the water was unchanged over periods of ten days or more, the greatest growth occurred in tanks having the smallest number of fish, although there were exceptions to this, particularly in the early stages of long continued experiments. Kawajiri ('28), studied the influence of population density of fishes on survival rate and rate of growth. He concluded that, for rainbow trout, the survival rate increased and the rate of growth decreased as the number of fry in a box increased. Adolph ('29) found that with amphibian larvae the maximum growth occurred with a single animal in the largest volume, although conditioned water could favor the growth of the individual. He found less negative effect of crowding in youth. In his 1931 paper, he reported that the deficiency of body weight of the tadpoles, effected by crowding, retarded metamorphosis. 1 The present investigation was aided in part by a grant to the University of Chicago from the Rockefeller Foundation administered by W. C. Allee." @default.
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- W1989666420 date "1932-07-01" @default.
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- W1989666420 title "The Effect of Biologically Conditioned Water upon Rate of Growth in Fishes and Amphibia" @default.
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- W1989666420 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/1931553" @default.
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