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- W1989808213 abstract "Previous studies of the products of several volcanic eruptions have shown that magma-mixing has taken place between two (or more) magmas due to the simultaneous withdrawal of different density levels from a stably stratified chamber. This process is analysed by considering the fluid dynamics of axisymmetric withdrawal from a two-layered reservoir, being a model of a central vent eruption from, say, a dacite-capped andesitic chamber. On tapping such a chamber from the top it is found that the thickness of the upper layer must exceed a critical thickness if the denser lower layer is to remain untapped. A series of equations is derived which allow this critical draw-up height, d, to be calculated for given viscosity, eruption rate, and density contrast. Directly analogous expressions relevant to ring-dyke eruptions are also presented. Two flow regimes are identified within which d is determined, in one instance, by a balance between viscous and buoyancy forces, and in the other, by an inertia-buoyancy balance. Cases where viscosity is important are further classified into situations where d is dependent on either the viscosity of the magma layer closest to, or furthest from, the feeder pipe. The draw-up height is independent of the viscosity contrast between the two layers but varies inversely with the density contrast. Increasing eruption rate and, where applicable, magma viscosity increases the draw-up height. The theoretical results have been verified in a series of laboratory experiments which also demonstrate that increasing the diameter of the outlet pipe or the interface thickness can increase the draw-up height. The former of these effects may be important in magmatic examples. examples. Application of the model reveals that in a chamber capped by acidic magma, draw-up will be determined by a viscosity-buoyancy balance and will be independent of the viscosity of the lower layer. Draw-up heights of c. 50 to 1000 m are calculated for eruption rates in the range 103 to 107 m3 s−1. All else being equal, it is typically the case that the higher the viscosity of the capping magma, the thicker the critical draw-up height." @default.
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- W1989808213 date "1986-01-01" @default.
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- W1989808213 title "Magma-mixing and the dynamics of withdrawal from stratified reservoirs" @default.
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- W1989808213 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(86)90084-3" @default.
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