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- W1990397462 abstract "The objective, sensitive, and reliable quantitation of withdrawal symptoms is essential to assess physical dependence on drugs. Data collected from 23 patients abusing high doses of benzodiazepines (mean diazepam dose equivalents, 150 mg/day; range, 40–500) and from 40 long-term therapeutic users randomized to receive either placebo (N = 19) or diazepam (N = 21; mean diazepam dose equivalents, 15 mg/day; range, 5–40; mean duration of use, 72 months; range, 6–240) were analyzed. Information on the type and severity of symptoms was obtained from several assessment instruments. In the high-dose abuse group, plasma benzodiazepine concentrations were measured daily and the 3 consecutive days of greatest relative daily fall were considered the critical withdrawal period. Selection of the 22 items of the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment-Benzodiazepines (CIWA-B) was based on statistically significant differences between baseline and critical withdrawal periods in high-dose subjects and between symptoms associated with placebo and diazepam in low-dose subjects, using contingency tables and logistic regression analysis. Of the 104 symptoms measured by the assessment instruments, 22 symptoms were found to distinguish withdrawal from prewithdrawal. These symptoms were selected based on significant differences (t-test, p ranged between <0.05 and <0.001) on type and severity of symptoms between baseline and the clinical withdrawal period in high-dose subjects, and on differences (cH2: P ranged between <0.05 and <0.001) in type of symptoms in placebo and diazepam subjects during the first week of withdrawal among the longterm therapeutic users of benzodiazepines. From these 22 symptoms, we constructed the CIWA-B, a scale of 20 five-point items and two additional values. We propose the CIWA-B as an instrument to assess and monitor benzodiazepine-like withdrawal." @default.
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- W1990397462 date "1989-12-01" @default.
- W1990397462 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W1990397462 title "A Clinical Scale to Assess Benzodiazepine Withdrawal" @default.
- W1990397462 doi "https://doi.org/10.1097/00004714-198912000-00005" @default.
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