FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W1990691489> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W1990691489 endingPage "170" @default.
• W1990691489 startingPage "170" @default.
• W1990691489 abstract "To the Editor: Diagnostic tests are an important clinical tool. No test, however, is perfect, and every test can have false-positive (FP) and false-negative (FN) results. The sensitivity (Se) of a test provides the likelihood of a positive test in a person with a disease; the specificity (Sp) is the probability of a negative test in a person without the disease. Although these parameters are informative, clinicians are often more interested in the likelihood of the disease in a person with a positive test, or the probability of no disease in a person with a negative test. These reverse conditional probabilities are known as the positive (or negative) predictive values. Managing two numbers for assessing the effectiveness of a test is a bit cumbersome for physicians, so researchers have developed additional measures of test effectiveness. For example, test accuracy is defined as: where TP and TN represent true positive and true negative test results, respectively. Test accuracy reflects the likelihood that a correct diagnosis is made based on the test result. However, like other probabilities, it is hard to find a tangible interpretation for the test accuracy in a clinical setting. Another index for assessing test effectiveness is the likelihood ratio, which is calculated from the sensitivity and specificity, but is still not easily comprehended by clinicians. Youden’s index (Se + Sp — 1) is yet another index,1 from which “the number needed to diagnose” was developed2: Still, none of these indices is intuitively appealing to clinicians; the numbers do not correspond well to a clinically tangible parameter. Inspired by the idea of “the number needed to treat,”3 we propose a new index for assessing the effectiveness of a diagnostic test—“the number needed to misdiagnose” (NNM), defined as the number of patients who need to be tested in order for one to be misdiagnosed by the test. The index can be calculated as follows: where Pr represents pretest probability (prevalence of the disease). Like the number needed to treat, the NNM is easily understood by clinicians. For example, the NNM for prostate-specific antigen test to diagnose prostate cancer in an otherwise healthy 50-year-old man (Pr 10%) using a cutoff value of 4ng/mL (Se 90%, Sp 60%)4 is 2.7; this means that one out of 2.7 (10 of 27) men tested is misdiagnosed (either FP or FN results). Obviously, more effective tests have higher NNM. One limitation is that this new parameter treats FP and FN test results as equally important. In this example, both types of error do have drawbacks. A FP test in a healthy person leads to extra charges and possible medical risk for more diagnostic procedures, as well as unnecessary psychological distress. A FN test can lead to late diagnosis or misdiagnosis of a potentially fatal disease. It thus can be difficult to decide how to weight FP and FN test results. Nevertheless, we believe that using the NNM, which is intuitively easy to grasp, can be a step forward. Farrokh Habibzadeh Mahboobeh Yadollahie NIOC Health Organization Medical Education and Research Center Shiraz, Iran [email protected]" @default.
• W1990691489 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1990691489 creator A5019521750 @default.
• W1990691489 creator A5079834145 @default.
• W1990691489 date "2013-01-01" @default.
• W1990691489 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W1990691489 title "Number Needed to Misdiagnose" @default.
• W1990691489 cites W1528414702 @default.
• W1990691489 cites W2017766892 @default.
• W1990691489 cites W2152575748 @default.
• W1990691489 doi "https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e31827825f2" @default.
• W1990691489 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23232619" @default.
• W1990691489 hasPublicationYear "2013" @default.
• W1990691489 type Work @default.
• W1990691489 sameAs 1990691489 @default.
• W1990691489 citedByCount "59" @default.
• W1990691489 countsByYear W19906914892014 @default.
• W1990691489 countsByYear W19906914892015 @default.
• W1990691489 countsByYear W19906914892016 @default.
• W1990691489 countsByYear W19906914892017 @default.
• W1990691489 countsByYear W19906914892018 @default.
• W1990691489 countsByYear W19906914892019 @default.
• W1990691489 countsByYear W19906914892020 @default.
• W1990691489 countsByYear W19906914892021 @default.
• W1990691489 countsByYear W19906914892022 @default.
• W1990691489 countsByYear W19906914892023 @default.
• W1990691489 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W1990691489 hasAuthorship W1990691489A5019521750 @default.
• W1990691489 hasAuthorship W1990691489A5079834145 @default.
• W1990691489 hasBestOaLocation W19906914891 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConcept C105795698 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConcept C126322002 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConcept C127413603 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConcept C136764020 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConcept C144494922 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConcept C151730666 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConcept C174446222 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConcept C187212893 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConcept C21200559 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConcept C24326235 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConcept C2777267654 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConcept C2777382242 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConcept C3019719930 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConcept C3020132585 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConcept C33923547 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConcept C41008148 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConcept C43346845 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConcept C53789813 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConcept C58471807 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConcept C71924100 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConcept C82157600 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConcept C86803240 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConceptScore W1990691489C105795698 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConceptScore W1990691489C126322002 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConceptScore W1990691489C127413603 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConceptScore W1990691489C136764020 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConceptScore W1990691489C144494922 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConceptScore W1990691489C151730666 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConceptScore W1990691489C174446222 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConceptScore W1990691489C187212893 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConceptScore W1990691489C21200559 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConceptScore W1990691489C24326235 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConceptScore W1990691489C2777267654 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConceptScore W1990691489C2777382242 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConceptScore W1990691489C3019719930 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConceptScore W1990691489C3020132585 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConceptScore W1990691489C33923547 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConceptScore W1990691489C41008148 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConceptScore W1990691489C43346845 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConceptScore W1990691489C53789813 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConceptScore W1990691489C58471807 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConceptScore W1990691489C71924100 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConceptScore W1990691489C82157600 @default.
• W1990691489 hasConceptScore W1990691489C86803240 @default.
• W1990691489 hasIssue "1" @default.
• W1990691489 hasLocation W19906914891 @default.
• W1990691489 hasLocation W19906914892 @default.
• W1990691489 hasLocation W19906914893 @default.
• W1990691489 hasOpenAccess W1990691489 @default.
• W1990691489 hasPrimaryLocation W19906914891 @default.
• W1990691489 hasRelatedWork W1990691489 @default.
• W1990691489 hasRelatedWork W2125967261 @default.
• W1990691489 hasRelatedWork W2261129074 @default.
• W1990691489 hasRelatedWork W2310797176 @default.
• W1990691489 hasRelatedWork W2625882558 @default.
• W1990691489 hasRelatedWork W2911508044 @default.
• W1990691489 hasRelatedWork W3198457736 @default.
• W1990691489 hasRelatedWork W4283207213 @default.
• W1990691489 hasRelatedWork W4292012647 @default.
• W1990691489 hasRelatedWork W2187118069 @default.
• W1990691489 hasVolume "24" @default.
• W1990691489 isParatext "false" @default.
• W1990691489 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W1990691489 magId "1990691489" @default.
• W1990691489 workType "article" @default.