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• W1991272020 abstract "[1] Auroral substorms were first described more than 40 years ago, and their atmospheric and magnetospheric signatures have been investigated extensively. However, because magnetic mapping from the ionosphere to the equator is uncertain especially during active times, the magnetospheric source regions of the substorm-associated features in the upper atmosphere remain poorly understood. In optical images, auroral substorms always involve brightening followed by poleward expansion of a discrete auroral arc. The arc that brightens is usually the most equatorward of several auroral arcs that remain quiescent for ∼30 min or more before the break-up commences. In order to identify the magnetospheric region that is magnetically conjugate to this preexisting arc, we combine auroral images from ground-based imagers, magnetic field and particle data from low-altitude spacecraft, and maps of field-aligned currents based on ground magnetometer arrays. We surveyed data from the THEMIS all sky imager (ASI) array and the FAST spacecraft from 2007 to April 2009 and obtained 5 events in which the low altitude FAST spacecraft crossed magnetic flux tubes linked to a preexisting auroral arc imaged by THEMIS ASI prior to substorm onset. The observations show that, in each of the five cases: 1) the precipitating electrons associated with the preexisting arc are accelerated by a field-aligned potential drop, with characteristic energy ranging from a few hundred eV to a few keV. 2) The preexisting arc is located 1°∼2° poleward of the equatorward edge of the 1 keV electron plasma sheet in the ionosphere, and it maps to equatorial locations within the electron plasma sheet and tailward of its inner edge. 3) The preexisting arc is located at or very near the boundary between the Region 1 and Region 2 field-aligned currents. The localization relative to the Region 1/Region 2 current is confirmed by comparison with maps of field-aligned currents inferred from ground magnetometer data." @default.
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• W1991272020 date "2012-05-01" @default.
• W1991272020 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W1991272020 title "In situ observations of the “preexisting auroral arc” by THEMIS all sky imagers and the FAST spacecraft" @default.
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• W1991272020 doi "https://doi.org/10.1029/2011ja017128" @default.
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