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- W1991746316 abstract "Superantigens (SAg) are microbial proteins with the capacity to activate a large proportion of T cells. We have developed a novel approach for cancer immunotherapy by genetically fusing the SAg staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) to a Fab-fragment of a tumor-specific antibody. Repeated exposure to SEA induces a state of unresponsiveness including cell deletion and functional hyporesponsiveness, i.e., anergy. In this study we have developed improved therapeutic schedules to allow repeated injections of Fab-SEA, limit development of immunological unresponsiveness and promote maximal anti-tumor response. Four daily injections of Fab-SEA to mice carrying B16-C215 lung metastases resulted in 90–95% reduction in the number of metastases. However, the animals did retain a minimal residual tumor disease. The immune system was in a hyporesponsive state after 4 daily Fab-SEA injections, and further injections did not improve therapy. Two repeated cycles, each comprising 4 daily injections of Fab-SEA, significantly prolonged the survival and resulted in complete cure of a fraction of the animals. A rest period of 10 days between the cycles was required to mount an efficient secondary anti-tumor response. This secondary immune response was characterized by partial recovery of cytokine production i.e., interleukin-2, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α. Strong CTL activity was detected in animals that had rested for 8 weeks between the 2 cycles. Interestingly, irrespective of the resting period, the CD4+ SEA-reactive T cells expanded in response to all 4 additional Fab-SEA injections both locally and in spleen. In contrast, only marginal expansion of CD8+ T cells was seen if restimulation was given within 1 month. Our data show that potent anti-tumor effector functions can be induced after repeated stimulation cycles with a SAg-monoclonal antibody fusion protein resulting in a CD4+ T cell-dependent cytokine release, prolonged survival and induction of complete cures. Int. J. Cancer 76:274-283, 1998.© 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc." @default.
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- W1991746316 date "1998-04-13" @default.
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- W1991746316 title "Repeated treatment with antibody-targeted superantigens strongly inhibits tumor growth" @default.
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- W1991746316 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19980413)76:2<274::aid-ijc16>3.0.co;2-c" @default.
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