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- W1991868045 abstract "The study of visual pigments and related molecules has become an area of consider able interest for physical chemists. Rhodopsin, which is a name now applied to all visual pigments, consists of a chromophore covalently bound to the apoprotein, opsin. Both in vertebrate and in invertebrate systems the chromophore has always been found to be the ll-cis isomer of retinal, the aldehyde of vitamin A (1). Visual pigments are membrane proteins that are located in photoreceptor cells: the rods and cones of the vertebrates and the rhabdomeres of invertebrates. The role of photoreceptors in the visual process is one of transduction; they convert the energy of an absorbed photon into a change in electrical potential in the cell membrane that is thcn transmitted to the nervous system through standard synaptic processes. The primary role of visual pigments is light absorption at the proper wavelengths, followed by activation of an as yet poorly defined mechanism that eventually leads to the change in the membrane potential. II-cis retinal and related molecules have been studied in great detail both in solution and when bound to the protein in the form of a protonated Schiff base. A significant part of this article is devoted to reviewing the properties of the protein bound chromophore and to a discussion of its biological function. However, in addition to their biological relevance, the photophysical properties of visual pig ments have turned out to be of great chemical interest, and the application of new physical techniques has resulted in significant advances during the past few years. In parallel, there have been extremely important gains in the understanding of photoreceptor physiology, which are briefly discussed in the following section. The recent discovery of a new retinal-based pigment, bacteriorhodopsin (2), has caused a great deal of excitement among researchers in many different fields. The" @default.
- W1991868045 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1991868045 date "1978-10-01" @default.
- W1991868045 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W1991868045 title "Light Energy Transduction in Visual Pigments and Bacteriorhodopsin" @default.
- W1991868045 doi "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pc.29.100178.000335" @default.
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