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- W1992558298 abstract "Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal with multiple effects on cell signaling and cell death. We studied the effects of Cd2+ on quiescent mouse mesangial cells in serum-free conditions. Cadmium induces cell death over 6 h through annexin V+ states without or with causing uptake of propidium iodide, termed apoptotic and apoptosis-like death, respectively. Little or no necrosis is observed, and cell death is caspase-independent and associated with nuclear translocation of the apoptosis-inducing factor, AIF. We previously showed that Cd2+ increased phosphorylation of Erk and CaMK-II, and CaMK-II activation increased cell death in an Erk-independent manner. Here we demonstrate that Cd2+ increases Jnk and p38 kinase phosphorylation, and inhibition of p38—but not of Jnk—increases cell viability by suppressing apoptosis in preference to apoptosis-like death. Neither p38 kinase nor CaMK-II inhibition protects against a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, ψ, indicating that kinase-mediated death is either independent of, or involves events downstream of a mitochondrial pathway. However, both the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and the mitochondrial membrane-stabilizing agent cyclosporine A (CsA) partially preserve ψ, suppress activation of p38 kinase, and partially protect the cells from Cd2+-induced death. Whereas the effect of CsA is on apoptosis, NAC acts on apoptosis-like death. Inhibition of glutathione synthesis exacerbates a Cd2+-dependent increase in cellular peroxides and favors apoptosis-like death over apoptosis. The caspase-independence of these modes of cell death is not due to an absence of this machinery in the mesangial cells: when they are exposed to Cd2+ for longer periods in the presence of serum, procaspase-3 and PARP are cleaved and caspase inhibition is protective. We conclude that Cd2+ can kill mesangial cells by multiple pathways, including caspase-dependent and -independent apoptotic and apoptosis-like death. Necrosis is not prominent. Activation of p38 kinase and of CaMK-II by Cd2+ are associated with caspase-independent apoptosis that is not dependent on mitochondrial destabilization. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 307–318, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc." @default.
- W1992558298 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W1992558298 creator A5041935017 @default.
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- W1992558298 date "2008-11-01" @default.
- W1992558298 modified "2023-10-03" @default.
- W1992558298 title "Initiation of caspase-independent death in mouse mesangial cells by Cd<sup>2+</sup>: Involvement of p38 kinase and CaMK-II" @default.
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- W1992558298 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.21499" @default.
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