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• W1992924481 abstract "Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients, especially transplant recipients. In this population, infection is frequently due to reactivation of latent virus. The major immediate early promoter of HCMV controls production of immediate early gene products, which are both trans-and cis-active and are responsible for reactivation. Activation of this promoter is therefore a crucial step in regulation of reactivation infection. It is known that there are cAMP-response elements in the HCMV major immediate early promoter. We hypothesized that prostaglandins (PG), like PGE2, which are known to increase cAMP, as well as cytokines known to be released during acute inflammation, may be important in the regulation of this promoter and thus in reactivation of HCMV. To examine this, we transected pCAT760, a plastid containing the major immediate early promoter of HCMV upstream of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene, into THP-1 cells. These cells were subsequently stimulated with PGE2 and/or one of a variety of cytokines. We found that PGE2, tumor neurosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-1β each upregulated the HCMV major immediate early promoter. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 were each synergistic or additive with PGE2 in upregulating the promoter. Since PGE2 and the cytokines are all products of activated macrophages, we suggest that acute inflammation and macrophage activation may predispose to reactivation of latent HCMV." @default.
• W1992924481 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1992924481 date "1998-01-01" @default.
• W1992924481 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W1992924481 title "Synergistic Activation of The Human Cytomegalovirus Major Immediate Early Promoter by Prostaglandin E₂and Cytokines" @default.
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• W1992924481 doi "https://doi.org/10.3109/01902149809046050" @default.
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