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• W1993247914 abstract "The breathing behavior of the jeju fish Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus has been the focus of several studies in recent decades. Few of these studies, however, have described how the fish's air breathing functions in natural environments. We examined changes in the behavior of H. unitaeniatus during daily variations in the dissolved-oxygen (DO) content of the water in Amazonian streams. We recorded the mean time intervals between instances when the fish breached the water surface to take in atmospheric air and the variation in the DO concentrations. We also observed the number of individual fish that breached the surface together as well as their territory-forming behavior. We recorded the individual and collective anti-predator strategies in the presence of a potential predator, experimentally testing the capacity of H. unitaeniatus to recognize the shape of a predator. The results indicated that as the DO concentration decreased, the individuals of H. unitaeniatus tended to breach the water surface at shorter time intervals, which increased their exposure to predators. To minimize the risks from this longer exposure time, the species tends to adopt anti-predator strategies individually or as a group. In well-lit locations, the fish recognized the predator's silhouette, left their territory and took a longer time to return. We provide an original contribution to the understanding of the anti-predatory tactics of the species by describing the behavior of group formation and territory definition as a tool to maximize efficiency in the defense against predators, a behavior that until now was an unknown strategy for this species. O comportamento respiratório de Hoplerythrynus unitaeniatus vem sendo foco de diversos estudos nas últimas décadas. Contudo, poucos trabalhos descreveram seu funcionamento em ambientes naturais. Nós examinamos a variação comportamental de H. unitaeniatus frente às oscilações do oxigênio dissolvido no período diurno em cinco pontos distribuídos em dois riachos da Amazônia Meridional. Nestes pontos registramos o tempo médio entre os intervalos de emersão a superfície para a tomada do ar atmosférico, em conjunto com a variação na concentração de oxigênio dissolvido. Observamos também a quantidade de indivíduos que emergem juntos a superfície, e o comportamento de formação de território. Nós registramos as estratégias anti-predatórias individuais e coletivas, frente a um potencial predador, testando experimentalmente se H. unitaeniatus reconhece a morfologia de um predador. Os resultados indicam que à medida que ocorre um decréscimo na concentração de oxigênio dissolvido, os indivíduos de H. unitaeniatus tendem a emergir a superfície em menor intervalo de tempo, o que leva a uma maior exposição aos predadores. Para minimizar esse maior tempo de exposição, observamos que a espécie tende a adotar estratégias anti-predatórias que podem ser individuais ou em grupo. Com relação à detecção do predador por H. unitaeniatus, nos locais com maior incidência luminosa os indivíduos reconhecem visualmente a silhueta do predador, evadindo de seu território e apresentando maior tempo de retorno. Este estudo demonstra a adaptação adquirida por H. unitaeniatus em locais com baixas concentrações de oxigênio, aumentando suas emersões à superfície para tomada do ar atmosférico. Fornecemos uma contribuição para o entendimento sobre táticas anti-predatórias da espécie, relatando o comportamento de formação de grupos e territórios como uma ferramenta para maximizar a eficiência na defesa contra predadores, que até então, era uma estratégia desconhecida para esta espécie. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article." @default.
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• W1993247914 date "2011-11-25" @default.
• W1993247914 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W1993247914 title "Air-breathing Behavior of the Jeju Fish Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus in Amazonian Streams" @default.
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• W1993247914 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00839.x" @default.
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