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• W1993446562 abstract "P-782 Introduction: A probabilistic approach was applied to assess human risks of malathion exposure that may occur in a population exposed during an eventual vector-control program against West Nile Virus. Methods: A worst-case scenario of seven events of ultra-low volume application of malathion within a 30-days period during summertime was defined. The AGDISP software was used to model the acute environmental concentrations after one aerial or terrestrial application. The 30-days subchronic mean concentration was calculated considering the possible accumulation of malathion between each application and its environmental half-life. Conservative scenarios of acute and subchronic exposure for newborn, toddlers, children, teenagers and adults were defined from the U.S. EPA's Standard Operating Procedures for Residential Exposure Assessments, and from other literature sources. The resulting exposure was divided by the appropriate reference doses for generating risk quotients (RQ). The probabilistic estimates of RQ were evaluated by Monte Carlo analysis where probabilistic distributions were applied to the following exposure parameters: environmental concentrations, local population's body weight and skin surfaces in contact with the insecticides, inhalation rate, soil and particles ingestion rate, duration of exposure and duration of the presence of malathion on the skin after the exposure. Results: Dermal contact with residues on foliage was the main contributor to overall exposure, and it was higher for toddlers, which also showed significant exposure due to hand-to-mouth behavior. For all age groups, aerial applications resulted in higher risks than terrestrial applications. In the case of aerial application only, toddlers were the exclusive age group showing mean RQ higher than 1, both considering acute and subchronic exposure. Results on this type of application also indicated RQ higher than 1 for a proportion of approximately 26 and 17% of newborns for respectively acute and subchronic exposures. Otherwise, a maximum of 9% of the individuals, depending of the age group, presented RQ higher than 1, whether aerial or terrestrial application and acute or subchronic exposure are considered. Discussion: The exposure may exceed the reference values for a significant proportion of the toddlers, and to a lesser extent, of other age groups. However, the uncertainties in parametric values as well as in exposure scenarios where managed with conservatism in the aim of not under-estimating the true exposure. Conclusion: This method allows the comparison of the risks of exposure to vector-control insecticides with the risks of vector-borne diseases and may improve the management of public health issues related to them." @default.
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• W1993446562 date "2006-11-01" @default.
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• W1993446562 title "A Probabilitic Exposure Assessment to Evaluate the Toxicological Risk of Human Exposure to Malathion During a Possible Vector-Control Program Against West Nile Virus in the Province of Quebec, Canada" @default.
• W1993446562 doi "https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200611001-01413" @default.
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