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• W1993520551 endingPage "3859" @default.
• W1993520551 startingPage "3843" @default.
• W1993520551 abstract "About 370 air samples were collected using aircraft in the troposphere over Russia in the summers of 1992, 1993, and 1994. These were then analyzed for the CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O and CO concentrations, as well as for δ 13 C and δ 18 O of CO 2 . Measured vertical profiles of tropospheric CO 2 showed that the concentration increased with height over all locations. In the lower troposphere over the wetland and taiga regions, extremely low CO 2 concentrations of 335–345 parts per million by volume (ppmv) were often observed. Measured values of δ 13 C and the CO 2 concentration were negatively correlated with each other, the rate of change in δ 13 C with respect to the CO 2 concentration being about −0.05‰/ppmv. This implies that the variations in the CO 2 concentration observed over Russia in the summer are primarily caused by terrestrial biospheric activities. In the middle and upper troposphere, the CO 2 concentration and δ 13 C showed systematic differences between each other in 1992, 1993, and 1994, probably due to their secular changes. The δ 18 O and CO 2 observed in the lowest part of the troposphere over east and west Siberia were also negatively correlated with each other, with the rate of change in δ 18 O with respect to CO 2 estimated to be about −0.1 l‰/ppmv. This relation may be caused by isotopic equilibrium of oxygen in CO 2 with soil water through respiration of living plants and decomposition of organic matter and with chloroplast water in leaves through photosynthesis of living plants. In contrast to CO 2 , the CH 4 concentration decreased with height. Extremely high CH 4 concentrations were observed over the west Siberian lowland, owing to a large amount of CH 4 emitted from wetlands. The N 2 O concentrations were fairly constant through the troposphere over all locations covered by this study, with an average value of about 311 parts per billion by volume (ppbv). The CO concentrations also showed vertical profiles, with a small gradient over natural wetlands, taiga, and tundra. High values of the CH 4 , CO, and CO 2 concentrations were observed over Moscow, owing to emissions of the respective gases by human activities in an urban area. It was also found that over natural wetlands and tundra the CO 2 and CH 4 concentrations were negatively correlated with each other, reflecting a strong biospheric CO 2 uptake and CH 4 emissions from wetlands. The relationship between the CH 4 and CO concentrations was strongly positive over areas with their anthropogenic and natural sources; the relationship was only slightly positive over wetlands, possibly due to CO emissions from wetlands and/or photochemically produced CO." @default.
• W1993520551 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1993520551 date "1997-02-01" @default.
• W1993520551 modified "2023-10-13" @default.
• W1993520551 title "Aircraft measurements of the concentrations of CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, and CO and the carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios of CO₂ in the troposphere over Russia" @default.
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• W1993520551 doi "https://doi.org/10.1029/96jd03131" @default.
• W1993520551 hasPublicationYear "1997" @default.
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