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• W1993557514 endingPage "1590" @default.
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• W1993557514 abstract "Nanometric TiO₂ is largely employed in cosmetics, but in vitro toxic effects have been reported when nano-TiO₂ is exposed to UV light. The photoreactivity of TiO₂ largely depends on its crystal phase, namely, anatase and rutile. Surface acidity, which is also dependent on crystal structure, may impart a positive or negative charge to the nanomaterial surface and ultimately modulate particle adhesion to tissues. Three nanometric TiO₂ powders with a different crystal lattice and surface charge (anatase, rutile, and anatase/rutile) have been employed here to investigate their interaction with the skin and to examine the molecular mechanisms of the TiO₂-induced oxidative damage. The strength of the interaction of nano-TiO₂ with skin has been revealed by chemiometric mapping (μ-XRF and SEM-EDS) after tissue washing. Positively charged anatase and anatase/rutile, but not negatively charged rutile, were strongly held on the skin surface and were able to promote a structural rearrangement of the lipid bilayer in the stratum corneum (DSC and Raman) under controlled indoor illumination (UVA < 1 mW/m²). Under the same conditions, cell-free reactivity tests (ROS-mediated free-radical release and lipoperoxidation) indicated that anatase and anatase/rutile are more reactive than rutile, suggesting a ROS-mediated oxidative mechanism that may alter the structure of the stratum corneum. Both the higher oxidative potential and the stronger adhesion to skin of anatase and anatase/rutile TiO₂ may explain the stronger disorganization induced by these two samples and suggests the use of rutile to produce safer TiO₂-based cosmetic and pharmaceutical products." @default.
• W1993557514 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1993557514 date "2013-09-27" @default.
• W1993557514 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W1993557514 title "Crystalline Phase Modulates the Potency of Nanometric TiO₂ to Adhere to and Perturb the Stratum Corneum of Porcine Skin under Indoor Light" @default.
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• W1993557514 doi "https://doi.org/10.1021/tx400285j" @default.
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