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• W1993885661 abstract "To the Editor: The extensive coverage of contributions to the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology thematic issue on asthma and obesity1J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008; 121: 1071-1298Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Google Scholar leaves little, if anything, to be added, except perhaps a historical note that takes the subject back to antiquity's classical Greco-Roman era. An early extant record of association is found in the biography of the patrician Roman savant Pliny the Elder (23-79 AD). Gaius Plinius Secundis (Fig 1), known as Pliny the Elder to differentiate him from the identity of his nephew and adopted heir, the Roman senator Pliny the Younger, holds a unique place in the history of science and medicine as the author of an encyclopedic collection of accumulated scientific knowledge of the time. Covering the expansive spectrum of geography, meteorology, mineralogy, physics, botany, metallurgy, zoology, and chemistry, the influence of Pliny's Historia Naturalis persisted for 15 succeeding generations. Particularly noteworthy was the fact that he accomplished this extensive work during a career that began as a Roman legion cavalry captain in Germany during Nero's rule and subsequent public service as financial overseer for the emperor Vespasian in the Spanish and African provinces. In 79 AD, Pliny held the emperor's appointment of commander of an antipiracy fleet stationed at Miscnum on the Bay of Naples. On August 24, he prepared to set sail to investigate the appearance of a cloud of unusual size and strange umbrella-like configuration. He and his crew would subsequently find its source to be a volcanic eruption at the top of Mount Vesuvius.As he was leaving the house he was handed a message from Rectina, wife of Tascus whose house was at the foot of the mountain, so that escape was impossible except by boat. She was terrified by the danger threatening her and implored him to rescue her from her fate. He changed his plans, and what he had begun in a spirit of inquiry he completed as a hero. He gave orders for the warships to be launched and went on board himself with the intention of bringing help to many more people besides Rectina, for this lovely stretch of coast was thickly populated. He hurried to the place which everyone else was hastily leaving, steering his course straight for the dancer zone. He was entirely fearless, describing each new movement and phase of the porten to be noted down exactly as he observed them. Ashes were already falling, hotter and thicker as the ships drew near, followed by bits of pumice and blackened stones, charred and cracked by the flames: then suddenly they were in shallow water, and the shore was blocked by the debris from the mountain. For a moment my uncle wondered whether to turn back, but when the helmsman advised this be refused, telling him that Fortune stood by the courageous and they must make for Pomponianus (his friend and fellow author) at Stabiae (4 miles from Pompeii)…. He was able to bring the ship in (and took shelter in the town bath house). Then, he went to rest and certainly slept, for as he was a stout man his breathing was rather loud and heavy and could be heard by people going and coming outside the door.2Letts C.F.C. The eruption of Vesuvius adapted from the Letters of Pliny. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge1937Google Scholar In the morning, he and the crew went to the shore and found the waves still wild and dangerous.“Impossible to escape by sea, Pliny lay down on a cloth, possibly a sail…. The flames draw nearer and there was a strong smell of sulfur…. Pliny tries to get up from the ground with the aid of two slaves, but immediately falls and does not rise again.”2Letts C.F.C. The eruption of Vesuvius adapted from the Letters of Pliny. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge1937Google Scholar The reason that Pliny at age 56 was fatally stricken while his crew and others in the same setting and identically exposed escaped his fate is not known. However, a descriptive report by Pliny the Younger provides a plausible clue. “My uncle was a fat man and suffered at normal times from shortness of breath. The dense fumes choked his breathing and blocked his windpipe, which was constitutionally weak, narrow, and often inflamed.”3Radice B, trans. The letters of Pliny the Younger. Baltimore: Penguin; 1967. p. 16.Google Scholar Additionally pertinent, a retrospective diagnostic deduction 17 centuries later concluded that “Pliny the Elder, a corpulent man subject to laborious breathing and other infirmities, did not die of suffocation but rather some other ailment.”4Bigelow J. Nature in disease; illustrated in various-discourses and essays. Phillips, Sampson, Boston1858Google Scholar It not only reactivated interest in an item of historical lore, but also its relevance served as a stepping stone to current-day appreciation of the linkage of obesity and asthma." @default.
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• W1993885661 date "2009-01-01" @default.
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• W1993885661 title "Asthma and obesity: An archival addendum" @default.
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• W1993885661 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2008.07.038" @default.
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